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Excretory Products and their Elimination

Excretory Products and their Elimination PDF Notes, Important Questions And Synopsis

Excretory Products and Their Elimination PDF Notes, Important Questions and Synopsis

 

SYNOPSIS

 

  • Excretion is the process by which living organisms get rid of waste substances either totally or partially accumulated during metabolic activities.

  • Modes of Excretion in Animals


  • Organs of Excretion in Animals

    Animal group

    Excretory structures

    Protozoans

    • Contractile vacuole

    Sponges

    • Body surface

    Coelenterates

    • Body surface

    Platyhelminthes

    • Protonephridia or flame cells

    Annelids

    • Nephridia

    Echinoderms

    • Tube feet and dermal branchiae



  • Urine Formation


  • Counter Current Mechanism

    • In the two limbs of the loop of Henle, urine flows in the opposite direction which forms a 
    • counter current.
    • Similarly, the flow of blood in the two limbs of the vasa recta are also in the counter current pattern.
    • This system of a liquid flowing in the two limbs in two opposite directions is termed the counter 
    • current mechanism.
    • It helps to maintain the concentration gradient in the renal medulla and hence helps in concentrating urine in the loop of Henle.

  • Regulation of Kidney Function

    Myogenic Autoregulation

    Neural Control Hormonal Control
    • When the systemic blood pressure increases, the afferent arteriole narrows down which decreases GFR.


    • Nerve fibres of the sympathetic nervous system innervate the blood vessels of the kidneys which decreases GFR.
    • Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
    • Renin
    • Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

  • The process of release of urine is called micturition.

  • Role of Other Excretory Organs

    Sweat glands

    • Excrete sweat

    Lungs

    • Remove carbon dioxide and water vapour

    Liver

    •  Eliminates cholesterol, inactivated products of steroid hormones, vitamins and drugs

    Large intestine

    • Removes salts such as calcium phosphate
NEET - Biology
please tell correct answer
Asked by sanjukohli05 | 21 Jun, 2022, 01:59: PM
ANSWERED BY EXPERT
NEET - Biology
why is medulla of kidney salty?
Asked by ravs5050 | 09 Aug, 2021, 11:43: AM
ANSWERED BY EXPERT
NEET - Biology
main function of loop of henley
Asked by sahilrock811 | 02 May, 2021, 08:48: AM
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NEET - Biology
ques no. 25
Asked by 6724 | 20 Mar, 2021, 02:31: PM
ANSWERED BY EXPERT
NEET - Biology
kidneys do not play any significant role in the excretion of  
Asked by anshika.akk668 | 15 Aug, 2020, 05:30: PM
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NEET - Biology
unable to understand concept  
Asked by sanjay258147 | 12 May, 2020, 12:00: AM
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NEET - Biology
A man has taken Large amount of proteins in his diet, will have in urine ? Options: 1. More salts and water 2. More urea 3. Little fat 4. Little glucose and excess urea
Asked by Prashant DIGHE | 03 Feb, 2020, 10:19: PM
ANSWERED BY EXPERT
NEET - Biology
In this picture in NCERT, in the PCT region, they have shown K+ ion as being reabsorped. But infact, it is secreted INTO the PCT right? So isn't this given in NCERT, a mistake?
Asked by sumayiah2000 | 27 Jan, 2020, 10:19: PM
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NEET - Biology
⭕ Explain the answer of this question..⭕   Thanks☺️
Asked by jhajuhi19 | 23 Dec, 2019, 11:30: AM
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