Anatomy of Flowering Plants

SYNOPSIS

• Classification of Plant Tissues
  
  
• Classification of Tissue System
  
  
  
  
• Differences between Monocotyledonous Stem and Dicotyledonous Stem:
  
  

  Monocotyledonous Stem	Dicotyledonous Stem
  Hypodermis is sclerenchymatous.	Hypodermis is collenchymatous.
  Pith is absent.	Pith is well-developed.
  Phloem parenchyma is absent.	Phloem parenchyma is present.
  Vascular bundles are scattered.	Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
  Vascular bundles are conjoint and closed.	Vascular bundles are conjoint and open.

  
  
  
• Differences between Monocotyledonous Root and Dicotyledonous Root:
  
  

  Monocotyledonous Root	Dicotyledonous Root
  Pericycle gives rise to lateral roots only.	Pericycle gives rise to cork cambium, parts of the vascular cambium and lateral roots.
  It has a higher number of xylem and phloem.	It has a limited number of xylem and phloem.
  The xylem is angular or polygonal.	The xylem is angular or polygonal.
  The pith is larger and well developed.	The pith is absent or very small and undeveloped.
  Conjunctive tissue is sclerenchymatous.	Conjunctive tissue is parenchymatous.
  Xylem is polyarch.	Xylem is usually tetrarch.

  
  
  
• Differences between Monocotyledonous Leaf and Dicotyledonous Leaf:
  
  

  Monocotyledonous Leaf	Dicotyledonous Leaf
  Isobilateral	Dorsiventral
  Stomata equally present on both surfaces.	Stomata usually present on lower surface.
  Stomata have dumb-bell shaped guard cells.	Stomata have bean-shaped guard cells.
  Mesophyll is undifferentiated.	Mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.
  Bulliform cells are present.	Bulliform cells are absent.

• Increase in the girth or thickness of the plant is called secondary growth.

• Secondary Growth in a Dicot Stem
  
  
  
  
  

• Secondary Growth in a Dicot Stem