CBSE Class 12-science Syllabus

Chemistry  |  View Syllabus

• The Solid State

  • Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
  • Three Dimensional Packing
  • Packing Efficiency
  • Crystal Lattice
  • Dimensions of Unit Cells
  • Imperfections in Crystals

  Solutions

  • Strength of Solutions
  • Ideal Solutions
  • Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
  • Boiling and Freezing Points of Solutions
  • Association and Dissociation
  • Solubility

  Electrochemistry

  • Conductivity of Solutions
  • Kohlrausch's Law
  • Electrolysis
  • Electrochemical Cells
  • Standard Electrode Potential
  • Nernst Equation
  • Batteries
  • Corrosion

  Chemical Kinetics

  • Rate of Chemical Reaction
  • Order and Molecularity of Reaction
  • Integrated Rate Equation
  • Temperature Dependence of Reaction
  • Collision Theory

  Surface Chemistry

  • Adsorption
  • Catalysis
  • Emulsions
  • Types of Colloids
  • Properties of Colloids

  Isolation of Elements

  • Occurrence and Extraction
  • Principles of Metallurgy

  The p-Block Elements

  • Trends in Properties of p-Block
  • Nitrogen and Its Compounds
  • Phosphorus and Its Compounds
  • Oxygen
  • Sulphur and Its Compounds
  • Halogens
  • Group 18 Elements

  The d-Block and f-Block Elements

  • Introduction to d-Block Elements
  • Properties of d-Block Elements
  • Important Compounds of d-Block
  • Lanthanoids and Actinoids

  Coordination Compounds

  • Introduction to Co-ordination Compounds
  • Nomenclature of Co-ordination Compounds
  • Valence Bond Theory
  • Crystal Field Theory

  Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

  • Characteristics of Halo Compounds
  • General Methods of Preparation
  • Chemical Properties
  • Polyhalogen Compounds

  Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

  • Introduction to Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
  • Preparation of Alcohols and Phenols
  • Properties of Alcohols
  • Characteristics of Phenols
  • Ethers : Preparation and Properties

  Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

  • General Study of Carbonyl Compounds
  • Aldehydes and Ketones
  • Carboxylic Acids

  Amines

  • Study of Nitrogen Functional Group
  • Preparation of Amines
  • Properties of Amines
  • Diazonium Salts

  Biomolecules

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins, Enzymes and Vitamins
  • DNA and RNA

  Polymers

  • Classification of Polymers
  • Addition and Condensation Polymers

  Chemistry in Everyday Life

  • Classification of Drugs and their Target Interaction
  • Therapeutic Action of Drugs
  • Food Additives and Cleansing Agents

Mathematics  |  View Syllabus

• Relations and Functions

  • Introduction to Relations
  • Introduction to Functions
  • Problems on Functions
  • Composition of Functions
  • Problems on Composition
  • Binary Operations

  Inverse Trigonometric Functions

  • Introduction: Inverse Trigonometry
  • Properties of Inverse Trigonometry

  Matrices

  • Introduction to Matrices
  • Matrix Operations
  • Transpose of A Matrix
  • Elementary Operations

  Determinants

  • Introduction to Determinants
  • Properties of Determinants
  • Properties and Applications of Determinants
  • Minors and Co-factors
  • Solving Simultaneous Equations

  Continuity and Differentiability

  • Continuity
  • Differentiability and Chain Rule
  • Differentiation: Implicit Functions
  • Differentiation of Exponential Functions
  • Logarithmic Functions
  • Differentiation of Parametric Functions
  • Second Order Derivatives
  • Mean Value Theorems

  Applications of Derivatives

  • Rate of Change and Approximations
  • Increasing and Decreasing Functions
  • Tangents and Normals
  • Maxima - Minima - I Derivative Test
  • Maxima - Minima - II Derivative Test

  Integrals

  • Introduction to Integration
  • Integration by Substitution
  • Integrals of Special Functions
  • Integrals of Trigonometric Identities
  • Integration by Partial Fractions
  • Integration by Parts
  • More Problems on Integration
  • Limit of A Sum
  • Properties of Definite Integrals
  • Evaluating Definite Integrals
  • Problems on Definite Integrals

  Applications of Integrals

  • Area Between A Curve and A Line
  • Area Between Two Curves

  Differential Equations

  • Intro: Differential Equations
  • Variable Separable Form
  • Homogenous Differential Equations
  • Linear Differential Equations

  Vector Algebra

  • Introduction to Vector Algebra
  • Properties of Vectors
  • Scalar Product of Two Vectors
  • Cross Product

  Three Dimensional Geometry

  • Introduction to 3-D Geometry
  • Cartesian Equation of A Line
  • Skew Lines
  • Equation of Plane
  • Intercept Form and Family of Planes
  • Distance of A Point From A Plane

  Linear Programming

  • Introduction to Linear Programming
  • Optimal Solution
  • Solution of Linear Programming Problems

  Probability

  • Introduction to Conditional Probability
  • Independent Events
  • Bayes' Theorem
  • Distribution of Random Variables
  • Mean and Variance of A Random Variable
  • Binomial Distribution

Physics  |  View Syllabus

• Electric Charges and Fields

  • Electric Charge
  • Coulomb's Law
  • Electric Field
  • Electric Flux
  • Electric Dipole
  • Gauss Law
  • Gold Leaf Electroscope

  Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

  • Electrostatic Potential
  • Equipotential Surfaces
  • Electrostatic Potential Energy
  • Electrostatics of Conductors
  • Capacitors
  • Combination of Capacitors
  • Electrostatics of Dielectrics

  Current Electricity

  • Ohm's Law
  • Drift of Electrons and Resistivity
  • Combination of Resistors
  • emfs and Internal Resistance
  • Combination of Cells
  • Kirchhoff's Rules
  • Electrical Appliances

  Moving Charges and Magnetism

  • Magnetic Lorentz Force
  • Motion in Combined E and B Fields
  • Biot Savart Law
  • Ampere's Law
  • The Solenoid and Toroid
  • Force on Current Carrying Wire
  • Torque on Current Carrying Loop

  Magnetism and Matter

  • Magnetic Field
  • Magnetic Properties

  Electromagnetic Induction

  • Magnetic Flux
  • Faraday's Laws of Induction
  • Motional emf
  • Eddy Currents
  • Inductance
  • AC Generator

  Alternating Current

  • AC Applied Across Resistor
  • AC Applied Across Capacitor
  • AC Applied Across Inductor
  • AC Applied to LCR in Series
  • Resonance in LCR Circuit
  • Power in AC Circuit

  Electromagnetic Waves

  • Characteristics of EM Waves
  • Electromagnetic Spectrum

  Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

  • Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
  • Refraction by Plane Surfaces
  • Total Internal Reflection
  • Refraction by Spherical Surfaces
  • Refraction by Lens
  • Refraction and Dispersion by Prism
  • Natural Phenomena Due to Sunlight
  • Optical Instruments

  Wave Optics

  • Huygen's Principle
  • Interference of Light
  • Diffraction of Light
  • Polarisation

  Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

  • Photoelectric Effect
  • Dual Nature of Matter

  Atoms

  • Alpha Particle Scattering
  • Bohr's Model of Atom

  Nuclei

  • Atomic Nucleus
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Radioactivity

  Semiconductor Electronics

  • Types of Materials
  • PN Diode
  • Applications of PN Diode
  • Transistors
  • Applications of Transistors
  • Logic Gates

  Communication Systems

  • Signals and Transmission Systems
  • Modulation and Detection of Signals

Biology  |  View Syllabus

• Reproduction in Organisms

  • Asexual Reproduction
  • Sexual Reproduction

  Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

  • Prefertilisation: Structures and Events
  • Pollination
  • Double Fertilisation, Post Fertilisation: Structures and Events

  Human Reproduction

  • Male and Female Reproductive System
  • Gametogenesis and Menstrual Cycle
  • Fertilisation, Embryonic Development and Parturition

  Reproductive Health

  • Population Explosion and Birth Control
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Infertility

  Principles of Inheritance and Variation

  • Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
  • Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Linkage and Recombination, Sex Determination
  • Mutations and Genetic Disorders

  Molecular Basis of Inheritance

  • DNA, RNA and Experiments on Genetic Material
  • DNA Replication
  • Transcription, Genetic Code and Types of RNA
  • Translation and Regulation of Gene Expression
  • Human Genome Project and DNA Fingerprinting

  Evolution

  • Origin of Life
  • Theories of Evolution
  • Mechanism of Evolution
  • Palaeontology and Human Evolution

  Human Health and Disease

  • Diseases in Humans and Immunity
  • AIDS and Cancer
  • Alcohol and Drug abuse

  Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

  • Animal Husbandry
  • Plant Breeding
  • Single Cell Protein and Tissue Culture

  Microbes in Human Welfare

  • Microbes: Household Products, Industrial Products and Sewage Treatment
  • Microbes: Biogas, Biocontrol Agents and Biofertilisers

  Biotechnology : Principles and Processes

  • Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
  • Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology

  Biotechnology and its Applications

  • Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture and Medicine
  • Transgenic Organisms and Ethical Issues in Biotechnology

  Organisms and Populations

  • Organism and its Environment
  • Population: Attributes and Growth
  • Population Interactions

  Ecosystem

  • Structure and Requirements of Ecosystem
  • Energy Flow and Ecological Pyramids
  • Ecological Succession and Biogeochemical Cycles

  Biodiversity and Conservation

  • Biodiversity and its Importance
  • Conservation of Biodiversity

  Environmental Issues

  • Air and Water Pollution and their Control
  • Solid wastes, Agrochemicals and Radioactive wastes
  • Greenhouse Effect, Ozone Depletion and Deforestation

Economics  |  View Syllabus

• Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence

  • Low Level of Economic Development under the Colonial Rule
  • Agriculture, Industry and Foreign Trade
  • Demography, Occupational Structure and Infrastructure

  Indian Economy 1950-1990

  • The Goals of Five Year Plans
  • Agriculture
  • Industry and Trade

  National Income Accounting

  • Income method and Expenditure method
  • Circular Flow of Income
  • Macroeconomic Aggregates
  • Classification of Goods and Value Added Method
  • Income and Expenditure Method
  • Some Basic Concepts of Macroeconomics
  • Circular Flow of Income and Methods of Calculating National Income

  Money and Banking

  • Barter System and Evolution and Functions of Money
  • Demand and Supply of Money
  • Commercial Banks & Money Creation Process
  • Functions of RBI and Instruments of Monetary Policy
  • The Supply of Money

  Economic Reforms Since 1991

  • Concept of Demonetisation
  • Concept of GST
  • Liberalisation
  • Privatisation and Globalisation
  • Indian economy During Reforms: An Assessment

  Poverty

  • Who are the Poor and their identification?
  • The Number of Poor in India and the Causes of Poverty
  • Policies and Programmes Towards Poverty Alleviation and its Critical Assessment

  Income Determination

  • Multiplier Mechanism, Deficit and Excess Demand
  • Aggregate Demand and its Components
  • Aggregate Supply and its Components
  • Equilibrium: AD-AS & S-I Approach and Adjustment Mechanism
  • Multiplier Mechanism and Paradox of Thrift
  • Deficit and Excess Demand
  • Ex Ante and Ex Post
  • The Short Run Fixed Price Analysis of the Product Market

  Human Capital Formation in India

  • Education Sector in India
  • Economic Growth and State of Human Capital Formation in India
  • Concept and Sources of Human Capital Formation

  The Government: Budget and the Economy

  • Government Budget and its Objectives
  • Government Budget and its Measures
  • Budget Deficit and its Measures

  Rural Development

  • Rural Development and Rural Credit
  • Agricultural Marketing, Diversification of Agricultural Activities and Organic Farming

  Open Economy Macroeconomics

  • Balance of Payments
  • Exchange rate: Meaning and its types
  • Concept of Balance of Payments
  • Exchange Rate: Meaning and Types

  Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues

  • Employment, Types and Participation of People
  • Employment Growth and Informalisation of Indian Workforce
  • Unemployment

  Infrastructure

  • Concept and Importance of Infrastraucture
  • Energy
  • Health

  Environment and Susutainable Development

  • Definition and Functions of Environment
  • State of India’s Environment
  • Sustainable Development and its Strategies

  Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours

  • Development Strategies of India, China and Pakistan
  • Comparative Study with respect to Demographic Indicators, GDP and HDI

Hindi  |  View Syllabus