JEE Chemistry Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
Organic Compounds Containing Halogens PDF Notes, Important Questions and Synopsis
SYNOPSIS
The halogen derivative of hydrocarbons are called as halogenated hydrocarbons. The general formula of monohalogenated hydrocarbons is R-X. (X = F, Cl, Br, I and R= alkyl, aryl etc.)
- Haloalkanes (R-X):
- Classification:
- Preparation:
-
General Characteristics:
Bond energy order
C-F > C-Cl > C-Br > C-I
Boiling point order
R-I > R-Br > R-Cl >R-F
Density order
R-I > R-Br > R-Cl
Dipole moment order
CH3Cl > CH3F > CH3Br > CH3I
Stability order
R-F> R-Cl> R-Br>R-I
-
Chemical Characteristics:
- Nucleophilic substitution reactions
There are four types of substitution reactions, their characteristics are given below:
Type
SN1
SN2
SNi
SNAr
Molecularity
Unimolecular
Bimolecular
Unimolecular
Bimolecular
Order
Two-Step
One-step
One-step
Two-Step
Medium
Acidic
Basic
Acidic
Basic
Intermediate
Carbocation
No intermediate
No intermediate
Carbanion
Orientation of product
Racemisation
Inversion
Retention
−
-
Wittigs’ reactions:
The formation of alkene by the action of ylide on carbonyl compounds is known as wittigs’ reaction. -
Friedal Craft reaction:
- Classification:
- Haloarenes (Ar-X):
Preparation:- From aromatic hydrocarbons:
- From diazonium salt:
Chemical Reactions of Benzene:
Friedel-Craft’s alkylation
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution:
In this type of substitution reactions nucleophile attacked to the carbon of benzene ring having substituent. This reaction proceeds via an intermediate σ-complex, the benzenonium carbanion.
e.g.,
- From aromatic hydrocarbons:
Videos
JEE Class Revise
- Explanation of each option and answer to this question please. Reagent(s) which cannot be used to distinguish allyl bromide from n-propyl bromide are:- a)Br2/ccl4 b)Shaking with aqueous solution of AgNO3 c)Boiling with alcoholic KOH followed by acidification with HNO3 and addition of AgNO3 solution d)Fusion with sodium metal followed by acidification with dilute HNO3 and addition of AgNO3 solution
- I have a doubt in the reaction of Q6 pls show the mechanism.
- Please help me solving electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction's ques.
Ques. 11 of first pic.
Ques. 3 of 2nd pic.
Ques. 2 of third pic.
Please solve all three with detailed mechanism.
It won't take much time.
Please help.
ThanQ!
- Electrophilic aromatic substitution ques10. please explain both with detailed mechanism.
ThanQ!
- Sir, pls solve the following.
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