NEET Chemistry Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
Organic Compounds Containing Halogens PDF Notes, Important Questions and Synopsis
SYNOPSIS
The halogen derivative of hydrocarbons are called as halogenated hydrocarbons. The general formula of monohalogenated hydrocarbons is R-X. (X = F, Cl, Br, I and R= alkyl, aryl etc.)
- Haloalkanes (R-X):
- Classification:
- Preparation:
-
General Characteristics:
Bond energy order
C-F > C-Cl > C-Br > C-I
Boiling point order
R-I > R-Br > R-Cl >R-F
Density order
R-I > R-Br > R-Cl
Dipole moment order
CH3Cl > CH3F > CH3Br > CH3I
Stability order
R-F> R-Cl> R-Br>R-I
-
Chemical Characteristics:
- Nucleophilic substitution reactions
There are four types of substitution reactions, their characteristics are given below:
Type
SN1
SN2
SNi
SNAr
Molecularity
Unimolecular
Bimolecular
Unimolecular
Bimolecular
Order
Two-Step
One-step
One-step
Two-Step
Medium
Acidic
Basic
Acidic
Basic
Intermediate
Carbocation
No intermediate
No intermediate
Carbanion
Orientation of product
Racemisation
Inversion
Retention
−
-
Wittigs’ reactions:
The formation of alkene by the action of ylide on carbonyl compounds is known as wittigs’ reaction. -
Friedal Craft reaction:
- Classification:
- Haloarenes (Ar-X):
Preparation:- From aromatic hydrocarbons:
- From diazonium salt:
Chemical Reactions of Benzene:
Friedel-Craft’s alkylation
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution:
In this type of substitution reactions nucleophile attacked to the carbon of benzene ring having substituent. This reaction proceeds via an intermediate σ-complex, the benzenonium carbanion.
e.g.,
- From aromatic hydrocarbons:
Videos
- ⭕Answer with proper explanation .. Thanks 😊
- ⭕Which of the following reaction cannot be used to obtain propane in good yield ?
⏺️ Explain ⏺️
- Which of the following is the correct reagent for the above conversion?
(Please see the attached question and explain in detail)
- toulene reacts with chlorine through which mechanism
- ⭕ Explain why product formed at meta position is more stable then para position ?
Also explain the mechanism... thanks ☺️
- sir/madam, Doubt is attached please.
- Please answer.
- please answer this
- please answer this
- please answer this
Kindly Sign up for a personalised experience
- Ask Study Doubts
- Sample Papers
- Past Year Papers
- Textbook Solutions
Sign Up
Verify mobile number
Enter the OTP sent to your number
Change