JEE Physics Kinematics
Kinematics PDF Notes, Important Questions and Synopsis
SYNOPSIS
- For motion in a straight line, the position to the right of the origin is taken as positive and that to the left of the origin is taken as negative.
- A body in straight line motion can have the line of path as vertical, horizontal or slanted.
- Path length is defined as the total length of the path traversed by an object.
- Distance: Total path length covered during a given time interval.
- Displacement: Shortest straight line distance between the initial and final position.
- Path length is greater or equal to the magnitude of the displacement between the same points.
- An object is said to be in uniform motion in a straight line if its displacement is equal in equal intervals of time. Otherwise, the motion is said to be non-uniform.
- Average speed: Total distance travelled divided by the total time taken.
- Average velocity: Total displacement divided by the total time taken.
- The average speed of an object is greater or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity over a given time interval.
- The slope of the x–t graph gives the velocity at a given instant.
- The position–time graph of a body in non-uniform motion is curved.
- The velocity–time graph of a body in non-uniform accelerated motion is curved.
- The slope of a v–t graph gives the acceleration at that instant.
- The area between the v–t graph and the time axis gives displacement.
- The steepness of the slope of the position–time graph gives us the magnitude of the velocity and its sign indicates the direction of the velocity.
- If the tangent to the position–time curve slopes upward to the right on the graph, then the velocity is positive.
- If the tangent to the position–time graph slopes downward to the right, then the velocity is negative.
- For one-dimensional motion, the slope of the velocity–time graph at a time gives the acceleration of the object at that time.
- A projectile is an object on which the only force acting is gravity.
- Projectile motion can be thought of as two separate simultaneously occurring components of motion along the vertical and horizontal directions.
- During a projectile’s flight, its horizontal acceleration is zero and its vertical acceleration is −9.8 m/s2.
- The trajectory of a particle in projectile motion is parabolic.
- When a body P moves relative to a body B and B moves relative to A, the velocity of P relative to A is the velocity of P relative to B + velocity of P relative to A.
- Motion of a boat in a stream
Let velocities of boat (A) and stream (B) beand
, respectively, with respect to the ground.
The velocity of boat (A) with respect to stream (B) is
Resultant velocity
Time to cross the stream
Shortest interval to cross the stream
Time is minimum when the denominator is maximum, so at , the time to cross the stream is minimum.
Videos
- A particle start from rest and move along a straight line with uniform acceleration the ratio of time to cover successive distance in the ratio 1:3 is
- A stationary man observes that the rain strikes him at an angle of 60∘ to the horizontal. When he begins to move with the velocity of 25m/s then the drops appear to strike him at an angle 30∘ from horizontal. The velocity of the rain drops is : (Explain with diagram)
- If we take a small piece of paper and throw it from a certain height then it is very difficult to anticipate the falling position of the paper... it's uncertain to predict but if we make that same small paper a ball then we can predict the falling position of the paper why so?
- if a ball dropped from point P crosses point Q in t seconds. The time taken by it to travel from Q to R,if PQ=QR
- A particle is at x= -10m at t= 1 sec. and moving with the velocity of 10m/s..particle is found at x=18m at t=3sec. find Acceleration of particle and position of particle at t=5sec.
- a partical is projected up from ground with initial speed v,not. starting from time t=0 to t=t1.then distance and displacement are equal or not
- if vector P +vector Q = vector R and vector P vector - vector Q = vector S , then R²+S² is equal to
- A vehicle travels from city A to city B. During the first part of the journey its average speed is whilst in the rest of the journey it is. By what factor
is the length of the second part of the journey longer than that of the first part if the average speed calculated for
- find the vector which is perpendicular to both A and B but have magnitude equal to that of B A=3i^-2j^,b=4i^+3j^-k^
- boy a is standing at a point 3 m west and 4 m south to boy b. assume the east and the north towards the positive x and y axis of coordinate system. boy a starts moving along a vector a =1.5 i +2 j with a constant speed of 2m/s for 5 seconds and stops. now how far is the boy a from the boy b
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