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ICSE Class 10 Answered

Brief differences between the alpha​ particles, Beta particles and Gamma rays? Explain their affects on biological environment?
Asked by pritijhajharia42 | 21 Dec, 2019, 10:17: AM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer
We are geeting Alpha, Beta and Gamma radiations from radioactive substances.
Alpha particle is nucleus of helium atom, i.e. equivalent of fully ionized Helium atom. Alpha particle has shortest range in matter.
As shown in figure, even a paper can block the alpha radiation.
 
Beta particles are negatively charged and identical to electron.
It can penetrate through soft material like paper , but thin aluminium sheet can block the beta radiation.
 
Gamma radiation is charge neutral. Gamma radiation is electromagnetic radiation that has high penatrating power.
Penetration power depends upon energy of gamma radiation.
 
Alpha, beta, and gamma rays cause damage to living matter, in varying degrees.
Alpha particles have a very small absorption range, and thus are usually not harmful to life.
But if it is ingested inside human body, it is harmful due to its high ionizing power.
 
Beta particles are causing damage to DNA, and therefore are often used in radiation therapy to mutate and kill cancer cells.
 
Gamma rays are often considered the most dangerous type of radiation to living matter.
Unlike alpha and beta particles, which are charged particles, gamma rays are instead forms of energy.
They have large penetrating range and can diffuse through many cells before dissipating, causing
widespread damage such as radiation sickness.
Answered by Thiyagarajan K | 21 Dec, 2019, 01:07: PM

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