CBSE Class 8 Answered

The various problems of development which were added to the already existing problem of unity were

• During Independence, the vast majority of Indian people lived in the villages.
• Farmers and peasants depended on the monsoon for their survival.
• The non-farm sector of the rural economy too depended on rainfall, for if the crops failed, barbers, carpenters, weavers and other service groups would not get paid for their services either.
• In the cities, factory workers lived in crowded slums with little access to education or health care.
• Thus, it was clear that the new nation had to lift its masses out of poverty by increasing the productivity of agriculture and by promoting new, job-creating industries.