CBSE Class 10 Answered

Hi Mayank,

The process in which the embryo emerges out of the seed by rupturing the seed coat, leading to the formation of a seedling is called germination.

The embryonal axis of the seed consists of a radicle and plumule.

The radicle forms the root system of the plant, and the plumule forms the shoot system of the plant.

Types of germination:

• Hypogeal germination - The epicotyl elongates and the cotelydons remain underground.

               It is found in pea, gram, maize, wheat

• Epigeal germination - The hypocotyl elongates and the cotelydons are pushed above the ground.

               It is found in bean, castor, sunflower, gourd

• Viviparous germination - The seed germinates while it is still inside the fruit, attached to the mother plant.

               It is found in Rhizophora, Sonneratia

Conditions necessary for seed germination are water, temperature, oxygen and light.