Explain functional group with examples.

Functional Groups:

All organic compounds are derivatives of hydrocarbons.

The derivatives are obtained by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with some other atom or a group

of atoms.

The new set of compounds formed after replacement has functions different from the parent hydrocarbon.

 

Functional group:

An atom or a group of atoms present in the molecules, which determines the characteristics property of the organic compounds, is called the functional group.

 

 

Organic compound	Functional group	General formulae
Haloalkanes	Halide-X (F,Cl,Br,I)	R-X
Alcohols	Hydroxyl-OH	R-OH
Aldehydes	Aldehyde-CHO
Carboxylic acids	Carboxyl-COOH
Ketones	Keto
Ethers	Ethers	R-O-R’