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CBSE Class 12-science Answered

what is mean by +I inductive effect and why it is responsible for basicity of amines?
Asked by | 01 Apr, 2013, 10:44: PM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer
Inductive effect is the process of electron displacement of electrons along the chain of carbon atoms due to the presence of a polar covalent bond at one end of the chain. Atoms or groups which push electron density away from themselves exhibit positive Inductive effect (+I). These atoms or groups have a greater electron releasing power than hydrogen.
 
Amines are basic because they possess a pair of unshared electrons, which they can share with other atoms. These unshared electrons create an electron density around the nitrogen atom. The greater the electron density, the more basic the molecule. Groups that donate or supply electrons will increase the basicity of amines. Due to +I effect of the methyl group, the tertiary amine becomes most basic due to more electron density and primary amine becomes least basic due to less electron density.
 
Answered by | 02 Apr, 2013, 11:03: AM

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sir/madam, this doubt will be lenghty. request peace reading. the doubt is w.r.t chapter Amines; to be specific it is w.r.t basicity of amines. in the topic of the comparision of the basic character of alkylamines with ammonia,  the order of basicity of amines is tertiary> secondary> primary in gaseous phase, only due to the +I effect. in gasous phase only +I effect is shown? also in the aqueous phase, the disturbancy in the order of basicity is due to the sum of effects of +I effect, solvation effect and steric hindrance? the order of the stability of the following in aqueous phase: +I effect: tertiary> secondary> primary solvation: primary > secondary > tertiary steric hindrance: primary > secondary > tertiary so does it means that +I is effected in both gaseous and aqueous phase but solvation and steric hindrance are effected only in aqueous phase? also sir there is an order of basicity when R= CH3 group and when R= C2H5 group: R= CH3: secondary> primary> tertiary R= C2H5: secondary> tertiary> primary so sir can we generalise the order that: when R=CH3 group, the order of basicity: secondary> primary> tertiary and when R> CH3 group, the order of basicity: secondary> tertiary> primary
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