CBSE Class 10 Answered

Hi,

The process by which a new species develops from the existing species is known as speciation.

Factors that affect the process of speciation are:

Geographical isolation –

• Caused by various types of barriers such as mountain ranges, rivers and seas.
• Leads to reproductive isolation due to which there is no flow of genes between separated groups of population.

Genetic drift –

• Caused by drastic changes in the frequencies of particular genes by chance alone
• Genetic drift with changes in the gene flow imposed by the isolation mechanism acts as an agent of speciation

Natural selection –

• Process of selection of characteristics which contributes to the fitness of survival of organisms
• Genetic variation within a population of organisms may cause some individuals to survive and reproduce more successfully than other