Distinguish b/w: 1.ethanol and ethanal 2.phenol and benzaldehyde 3.phenol and benzoic acid

^{1. Ethanol and Ethanal}

 

These are distinguished on the basis of esterification reaction. Ethanol do undergo esterification reaction on reaction with an acid to give esters whike ethanal do not give this reaction.

 

2. Phenol and benzaldehyde

Phenols undergo electrophillic addition recations while benzaldehyde undergoes nucleophillic addition reactions hence these are distinguished on this basis. Phenols will react with bromine water to give bromophenol as product while benzaldehyde will not undergo this reaction.

 

 

3. Phenol and benzoic acid

 

Benzoic acid on reaction with NaHCO₃ to give effervescence due to evolution of CO₂ gas while phenols do not give effervescence since phenols are weak acids than carboxylic acids.