ICSE Class 9 Comprehension and Composition Revision Notes for Story Writing

Introduction to Story Writing

What is a Story?

A story is an imaginary account about people or situations that is told for entertainment.

Everybody loves to read or listen to stories. But writing them is not a simple task. In this chapter, we will learn the guidelines to writing a good story.

Components of a Story

• Theme: The theme is the main idea around which the story revolves.

• What idea do you wish to convey through your story?

• Good versus evil, revenge, love conquers all Often stories have a basic idea. They tend to convey a message to the reader. Aesop's Fables revolve around morals, Akbar–Birbal stories revolve around wit and intelligence, and the Panchatantra revolves around worldly conduct.
  
  

• Setting: The surrounding or the time period where the story unfolds.

• Where is the story set?

• When do the events in the story take place?

Good stories often engage the readers‘ senses. They have vivid descriptions that create visual (sight), aural (sound), olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste) and tactile (feel) imagery. The setting sometimes plays a big role in the narrative. It provides a background for the story to unfold.

The air was burning their skin. Prince Arjuna and his charioteer Dharmapal had abandoned their chariot far behind and were dragging their feet through the dusty road. Beads of perspiration dripped from their foreheads as they searched the desolate place for a drop of water. The princefelt his throat getting drier and drier. From a distance, they could hear a faint tinkling of water. It seemed as if there was a stream somewhere in this dry, parched land.

The paragraph above aims to help the reader empathise with the characters. The description establishes not only the place but also the time when the events happen.

• Characterisation: Characterisation is the process of portraying characters.

• Who is the main character?

• What are his/her/its physical/mental attributes?

• What is the problem faced by the character?

• How does the character change or evolve in the end?

 
Characters are the catalysts in the story; their actions take the narrative forward. Good stories are often built around interesting characters whose circumstances change them. Characters can be flat (uncomplicated, do not evolve) or round (complex, undergo change). The key to writing a good story lies in developing interesting characters. Rather than stating the qualities of the character, good stories often let the readers derive their own conclusion about them.

Instead of: Meena was always punctual.

Write: Meena reached ten minutes early for the interview.

Instead of: Akshay was the laziest person.

Write: Akshay wore a crumpled shirt and unpolished shoes. His hair was also dishevelled.

Instead of: The girl was petrified.

Write: The girl broke into a cold sweat; her fingers froze as she stood transfixed.

• Plot: The plot comprises the main events of the story.

• Introduction: The characters are introduced. A brief account of the setting is also established in this part.

• Rising action: Rising action refers to the events that lead up to the crisis.

• Crisis: Characters go through some kind of predicament. Crisis becomes the main catalyst for the evolution of the story and the character.

• Climax: Climax refers to the stage where the crisis escalates to its highest point. It is the most crucial part of the story.

• Falling action: Falling action refers to the events that follow the climax. The intensity of the events lessens in this stage.

• Resolution: It is also known as Denouement. It is where the conflict and the crisis in the story are finally resolved. Loose ends of the story are tied and the story is brought to a close.

Steps for Writing a Story

(Sample taken: The Resignation by Premchand)

• Step 1: Fix a theme that you want to write about. What would be the moral of your story?

  The theme or moral of the story would be

  'Dignity can be taken away only if it is surrendered.'
  
  

• Step 2: Establish the setting

• The story is set in India.

• The story unfolds in pre-independence India.
  
  

• Step 3:Create character sketches 

• Fatehchand, who is a man of great dignity, but does not have the courage to defend himself.

• Eventually he has the courage to stand up to his offender.

• The Saheb is Fatehchand‘s boss. He is very abusive.

• Ultimately, he is taught a lesson by Fatehchand. He vows not to harm another soul.
  
  

• Step 4: Outline the plot of the story

Samples and Types

Outline of the Story

Sample 1

• In such questions, the outline of the story is provided. Students are expected to connect the points to form a comprehensive narrative.

  Master sent a slave to the market—slave returned frightened—said he saw a woman in the market—the woman was Death herself—she made a threatening gesture at him—slave feared for his life—asked master to lend him his horse—he wanted to escape death—master obliged and lent him his horse—slave rode the horse to Bagdad—master went to the market to investigate—found Death there—he asked her why she threatened his slave—she said she didn't threaten—she was surprised to see him there—she had an appointment with him in Bagdad in the evening.

Sample 2

Unusual Habits

       Once upon a time, there lived a cunning jackal who had a reputation for exploiting other animals for his own benefit. One day he had a craving for juicy fruits. He wanted to eat the grapes that were grown on the other side of the river. He didn't know how to swim, so he decided to seek somebody‘s help. He asked a good-natured donkey to carry him to the other side. He told him that there were enough grapes for the two of them at the vineyard and they could relish all of it. The donkey was sceptical about the plan as he feared the villagers who maintained the vineyard. After reasoning with him for hours, the jackal managed to convince the reluctant donkey. He sat on the donkey's back and the two crossed the river.
       Once they were at the vineyard, the jackal and the donkey feasted on the ripe, succulent grapes. After the jackal had his fill, he decided to have some fun at the donkey's expense. He howled loudly attracting the attention of the villagers and thereafter he hid amid the bushes. The villagers gathered at the vineyard armed with sticks and spotted the unsuspecting donkey eating the grapes. They chased him to the banks of the river and beat him black and blue. To save himself, he jumped into the water and started to swim homeward. The jackal who was hiding behind the bushes followed suit and jumped onto the donkey's back in time.
       On their way back, the donkey demanded to know why the jackal had to howl. The jackal explained that he always howled after a good meal for it was his way of expressing satisfaction. The donkey didn't buy the jackal's argument. He said that he too had a habit; after a good meal, he always did the backstroke. Before the jackal could react, the donkey turned over facing the sky. The jackal lost his balance and fell into the water. He almost drowned, but he painstakingly swam back to safety. In this way, the donkey succeeded in teaching him a lesson. 

Sample 3

• In such cases, the first line of the story is given. Students are expected to use their imagination and their writing skills to create an interesting story.

  'There was a lot of excitement in the air. The sound of crackers could be heard all around…'