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CBSE Class 10 Answered

What is the difference between emf ,potential difference and terminal voltage?
Asked by rath.ishan | 06 Jul, 2019, 11:35: AM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer
Potential difference across two points is the difference between electrical potential energy of those points. 
These two points, which are giving potential diference may be two different points in an electrical circuit or
may be terminals of cell, battery or power supply. Potential difference is measured in terms of Volt.
 
(battery is array of cells )
 
When potential difference is measured across terminals of battery,  when current is not drawn from battery,
then this potential difference is emf ( electro-motive force) of battery.
 
When current is drawn from battery, due to its internal resistance , potential difference across its terminals will be
less than emf of battery. This is is because some potential drop across its internal resistance.
Hence we get remaining potential difference across termials of battery.
 
Hence when potential difference is measured across terminals of battery,  when current is drawn,
then this potential difference is known as terminal voltage.
 
If E is emf of battery in Volt, r is internal resistance in Ω, when current of i A is drawn from battery,
 
terminal voltage V = E - (i×r)
Answered by Thiyagarajan K | 06 Jul, 2019, 12:39: PM

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