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In simple words, speciation is the process of formation of a new species. Speciation involves all the processes through which different populations or groups of organisms become reproductively isolated from each other to form different species. These can arise from genetic changes, ecological or environmental differences, or physical or behavioral isolation, or any combination thereof.

Speciation is thus the evolutionary formation of new biological species, usually by the division of a single species into two or more genetically distinct ones.