CBSE Class 12-science Answered
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Answerto your first query is stated below:
Valence bond theory:
Assumptions of valence bond theory:
(i) It does not give quantitative interpretation of magnetic data.
(ii) It does not explain the colour exhibited by coordination compounds.
(iii) It does not give a quantitative interpretation of the thermodynamic or kinetic stabilities of coordination compounds.
(iv) It does not make exact predictions regarding the tetrahedral and square planar structures of 4-coordinate complexes.
(v) It does not distinguish between weak and strong ligands.
According to this theory, the metal atom or ion under the influence of
ligands can use its (n − 1)d, ns, np or ns, np or nd orbitals for hybridisation
to yield a set of equivalent orbitals of definite geometry such as octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar.
These hybridised orbitals are allowed to overlap with ligand orbitals which can donate electron pairs for bonding.
|
Coordination number |
Type of hybridisation |
Distribution of hybrid orbitals in space |
|
4 |
sp3 |
Tetrahedral |
|
4 |
dsp2 |
Square planar |
|
5 |
sp3d |
Trigonal bipyramidal |
|
6 |
sp3d2 (nd orbitals are involved; outer orbital complex or high-spin or spin-free complex) |
Octahedral |
|
6 |
d2sp3 [(n − 1)d orbitals are involved; inner orbital complex or low-spin or spin-paired complex] |
Octahedral |
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