what is the relationship between refractive index and bending of light

When light travels from one medium to another, its speed changes.

 

The angle of incidence and angle of refraction are related to refractive index as

 

n = sin i/sin r

 

Thus, sin r = sin i/n

 

Hence, if the refractive index of a medium is any value other than one, then r will have different value than i.

 

This indicates that the light has bent from its original direction.