CBSE Class 11-science Answered

Hybridisation is the phenomenon of intermixing of atomic orbitals of comparable energies to form a set of same number of new orbitals of equal energy and identical in all respect.

sp hybridisation:

1. Intermixing of one 's' and one 'p' orbitals of almost equal energy to give two identical and degenerate hybrid orbitals is called 'sp' hybridization.

2. These sp-hybrid orbitals are arranged linearly at by making 180^o of angle.

3. They possess 50% 's' and 50% 'p' character.

sp² hybridisation:

* Intermixing of one 's' and two 'p' orbitals of almost equal energy to give three identical and degenerate hybrid orbitals is known as sp₂ hybridization.

* The three sp² hybrid orbitals are oriented in trigonal planar symmetry at angles of 120^o to each other.

* The sp² hybrid orbitals have 33.3% 's' character and 66.6% 'p' character.

sp³ hybridisation:

* In sp³ hybridization, one 's' and three 'p' orbitals of almost equal energy intermix to give four identical and degenerate hybrid orbitals.

* These four sp³ hybrid orbitals are oriented in tetrahedral symmetry with 109^o28' angle with each other.

* The sp³ hybrid orbitals have 25% ‘s’ character and 75% 'p' character.