CBSE Class 12-science Answered

The 'Inductive Effect' is an experimentally observable effect of the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms in a molecule. The permanent dipole induced in one bond by another is called inductive effect.

The  inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of σ bonds within a molecule or ion due to an electronegativity difference between the atoms at either end of the bond.

The more electronegative atom pulls the electrons in the bond towards itself creating some bond polarity for example the O-H and C-Cl bonds in the following examples: