ICSE Class 10 Answered
how does a ac generator work
Asked by Aishwarya | 10 Jan, 2015, 04:43: PM
Expert Answer
An AC generator is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
It is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction i.e., whenever magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an induced emf is set-up in the coil.
Principle: In a generator, a coil is rotated in a magnetic field. Due to rotation, the magnetic flux linked with the coil changes and therefore, an emf is induced between the ends of the coil. Thus, a generator acts like a source of current if an external circuit containing load is connected between the ends of its coil.
Construction and its main parts: The basic construction of an AC generator is shown in the figure below:
(i) Field magnet: It is a strong horse-shoe magnet NS. An electromagnet run by a DC source can also be used as a field magnet.
(ii) Armature coil: There is a soft iron core on which a coil ABCD with a large number of turns of insulated copper wire are wound. The coil is rotated rapidly in the magnetic field of the field magnet by the axle fixed to it.
(iii) Slip rings: There are two coaxial metallic rings S1 and S2. They rotate along the coil. One end of the coil is connected to slip ring S1, and the other end of the coil is connected to the slip ring S2. Each ring slips against the brush which is stationary.
(iv) Brushes: Two carbon brushes B1 and B2 press gently against the slip rings, S1 and S2, respectively. The other ends of brushes acts as terminals of the generator for the external circuit. The external circuit (i.e. load) is connected between the other ends of the brushes. The brushes B1 and B2 do not rotate along with the coil and the slip rings.
The figure below represents the emf induced between the ends of the coil with respect to the position of the coil in the magnetic field when seen along the axis of rotation from the position of slip rings.
It is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction i.e., whenever magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an induced emf is set-up in the coil.
Principle: In a generator, a coil is rotated in a magnetic field. Due to rotation, the magnetic flux linked with the coil changes and therefore, an emf is induced between the ends of the coil. Thus, a generator acts like a source of current if an external circuit containing load is connected between the ends of its coil.
Construction and its main parts: The basic construction of an AC generator is shown in the figure below:
(i) Field magnet: It is a strong horse-shoe magnet NS. An electromagnet run by a DC source can also be used as a field magnet.
(ii) Armature coil: There is a soft iron core on which a coil ABCD with a large number of turns of insulated copper wire are wound. The coil is rotated rapidly in the magnetic field of the field magnet by the axle fixed to it.
(iii) Slip rings: There are two coaxial metallic rings S1 and S2. They rotate along the coil. One end of the coil is connected to slip ring S1, and the other end of the coil is connected to the slip ring S2. Each ring slips against the brush which is stationary.
(iv) Brushes: Two carbon brushes B1 and B2 press gently against the slip rings, S1 and S2, respectively. The other ends of brushes acts as terminals of the generator for the external circuit. The external circuit (i.e. load) is connected between the other ends of the brushes. The brushes B1 and B2 do not rotate along with the coil and the slip rings.
The figure below represents the emf induced between the ends of the coil with respect to the position of the coil in the magnetic field when seen along the axis of rotation from the position of slip rings.
Answered by Faiza Lambe | 12 Jan, 2015, 01:59: PM
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