JEE Class main Answered

(i) Kolbe's reaction:

In this reaction, phenol is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form sodium phenoxide. Sodium phenoxide formed reacts with carbon dioxide to form ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid or salicylic acid as the main product.

The mechanism for Kolbe's reaction is as follows:

From the above mechanism, the negative charge gets developed on the ortho position. Hence the electrophilic substitution takes place at ortho position and ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid is formed as the product.