CBSE Class 7 Answered

There are three main types of mountains- fold, fault and volcanic mountains.

Fold Mountains: These are caused due to large scale movements taking place inside the Earth’s crust. These movements are caused due to various factors like movements in the mantle, expansion and contraction of some parts of the Earth etc. These are horizontal movements. Fold mountains are formed when two tectonic plates move towards each other leading to the folding of the layers of the Earth. The up folds are called anticlines and the down folds are called synclines. The Himalayas in Asia, the Andes Mountains in South America and the Alps Mountains in Europe are some examples of fold mountains.  

Fault Mountains: Fault-block mountains are formed when tectonic plates slide above and beneath one another. While some blocks of rock are raised some other go downwards. The raised blocks become mountains. Example- The Black forest mountains in Germany.

Volcanic Mountains: Volcanic Mountains are formed due to volcanic eruptions. It happens when molten rock or magma under the surface of the Earth erupts. When magma flows out on the Earth’s surface it is called lava . The accumulation of lava and its subsequent cooling down results in the building of a volcanic mountain.