CBSE Class 10 Answered

Soaps are the molecules in which the two ends have differing properties. One end is the ionic part and the other is the hydrocarbon tail. The ionic part is hydrophilic while the hydrocarbon tail is hydrophobic.          

Inside water, the soap molecules orient themselves in such a way that the hydrophobic end (hydrocarbon tail) is pointing towards dirt and the hydrophilic end (ionic part) is towards water. 

Thus, clusters of molecules are formed which are called micelle. When water is agitated, the dirt suspended in the micelles is easily rinsed away.

The second question should be posted as a separate question.

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