Everything related to functional groups and placing of different functional groups in the structure along with their examples of being used in different compounds structures?(thank you)

Functional Groups

• All organic compounds are derivatives of hydrocarbons.
• Derivatives are obtained by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms by some other atom or group of atoms called functional groups.
• The new set of compounds is formed after replacement has functions different from the parent hydrocarbon.
• Definition: An atom or a group of atoms present in the molecules, which determines the characteristics property of the organic compounds, is called the functional group.

Functional group	General formulae	Organic compound	Suffix	Examples with common & IUPAC name
Halide-X (F,Cl,Br,I)	R-X	Haloalkanes	-ane	CH3Cl Common name: Methyl chloride IUPAC name: Chloromethane
Hydroxyl-OH	R-OH	Alcohols	-ol	C2H5OH Common name : Ethyl alcohol IUPAC name: Ethanol
Aldehyde-CHO		Aldehydes	-al	CH3CHO Common name: Acetaldehyde IUPAC name: Ethanal
Carboxyl-COOH		Carboxylic acids	-oic acid	CH3CH2COOH Common name: Propionic acid IUPAC name: Propanoic acid
Keto		Ketones	-one	CH3COC2H5 Common name: Diethyl ketone IUPAC name: Pentanone
Ethers	R-O-R’	Ethers	-oxy	CH3 – O – C2H5 Common name: Ethyl methyl ether IUPAC name: Methoxy ethane

 Nomenclature of Functional groups

 

 

Answered by Hanisha Vyas | 15th Jan, 2016, 02:56: PM