CBSE Class 9 Answered
Describe the movement and formation of the Tectonic plates.
Asked by ashutoshraj472 | 22 Jun, 2022, 08:04: AM
Expert Answer
A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. The surface of the earth floats on the tectonic plates. The theory of plate tectonics states that:
that the crust of the Earth has been formed out of seven major and some minor plates.
- The movement of the plates beneath the surface of the Earth creates tension, resulting in folding, faulting and volcanic activities.
- Plate movements are broadly categorised into three different types. When the plates come towards each other, they form convergent boundaries. When the plates move away from each other, they form divergent boundaries. Transform boundaries are formed when the plates horizontally move past each other.
- All these movements of the plates have gradually changed the size and the position of the continents over millions of years.
- The peninsular part of India, the oldest landmass, was part of the Gondwanaland. Previously, the Gondwanaland included Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica and India. It was one single landmass.
- Because of the impact of convectional currents, the crust was split into many pieces. The Indo–Australian plate got separated from the Gondwanaland and drifted towards the north.
- As it drifted towards the north, it collided with the Eurasian plate. As a result of this collision, the sedimentary rocks which were settled in the large-scale Image showing the drifting and collision of Indian landmass with the Eurasian Plate.
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