Class 9 SELINA Solutions Biology Chapter 1: Introducing Biology
Introducing Biology Exercise Ex. 1
Solution A.1(a)
(iv) fossils
Solution A.1(b)
(iv) biotechnology
Solution A.1(c)
(iii) Aristotle
Solution A.1(d)
(iv) Theophrastus
Solution A.1(e)
(iv) Pathology
Solution A.1(f)
(iii) Anatomy
Solution A.1(g)
(ii) Morphology
Solution A.1(h)
(i) Molecular biology
Solution B.1
(a) Biotechnology
(b) Horticulture
(c) Palaeontology
(d) Immunology
Solution B.2
(a) Bioengineering deals with making artificial limbs, joints.
(b) Genome is the entire DNA sequence of an organ.
(c) Silk is produced by rearing silkworms.
(d) Evolution deals with the study of origin and descent of organisms.
(e) Organisms which draw food from the host body are called parasites.
(f) Animals which give birth to young ones are known as Jeevaj (viviparous).
(g) Hippocrates is called the Father of Medicine.
Solution B.3
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
Ichthyology |
Fishes |
|
Ornithology |
Birds |
|
Ecology |
Environment |
|
Virology |
Viruses |
|
Herpetology |
Snakes |
|
Palaeontology |
Fossils |
|
Cytology |
Cells |
|
Pathology |
Diseases |
Solution B.4
(a) Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(b) Botany, Zoology and Human Biology
(c) Agriculture, Apiculture and Pisciculture
(d) Doctor, Dentist, Bacteriologist, Pathologist and Entomologist
Solution B.5
(a) Silkworm : Sericulture :: Bees : Apiculture
(b) Animals : Zoology :: Plants : Botany
(c) Diseases : Pathology :: Immunity : Immunology
(d) Form and structure : Morphology :: Metabolism : Physiology
(e) Reptiles : Herpetology :: Fishes : Ichthyology
Solution B.6
(a) Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.
(b) DNA fingerprinting is an application of biochemistry.
(c) Study of birds is ornithology.
(d) Living components of ecosystem are biotic components.
(e) Study of life in the sea is called marine biology.
Solution C.1
(a) Life sciences: Life sciences is a branch of science which deals with living organisms, their life processes and their interrelationships.
(b) Human biology: Human biology is a branch of biology which delas with the study of human as a living organism and his relationship with other living organisms.
(c) Agriculture: Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil and raising crops and livestock.
(d) Anthropology: Anthropology is a branch of biology which delas with the study of humans and their interaction with the society.
(e) Biometrics: Biometrics deals with the verification of a person by his body features such as fingerprints, the pattern of iris in the eye and behavioural characteristics.
Solution C.2
Biology is the study of living beings, all plants and animals including humans.
The three major branches of Biology in terms of major kinds of organisms are:
1. Botany: The study of plants is called botany.
2. Zoology: The study of animals is called zoology.
3. Human Biology: The study of human as a living organism and his relationship with other living organisms is called human biology.
Solution C.3
The knowledge of biology has greatly helped us in the field of human health. It helps us to understand the cause of many diseases. We are able to identify various micro-organisms that cause diseases in man. We can study their mode of living and the different ways in which they spread diseases. The understanding of disease-causing microorganisms has led to the development of new drugs, both natural and synthetic drugs that can kill these organisms.
Solution C.4
A farmer, although has never studied biology, knows by his experience how to increase his produce. He knows how to plough and plant crops and select good quality seeds for sowing. He is also familiar with various methods of irrigation. He knows the technique of cross-breeding and removing weak and unwanted plants and cultivating improved varieties at the right time.
A housewife, by using her experience knows which fruit or vegetable to grow and for how much time. She also knows the nutritional values of various foodstuffs. A housewife adopts various principles of maintaining hygiene at home. She knows to tame some useful animals like cow, goat and dog for her maximum benefit.
Solution C.5
(a) Zoology is the study of animals, whereas Entomology is the study of insects.
(b) Genetics is the science of transmission of body characteristics from parents to offspring, whereas Eugenics is the science which aims to improve the human race through controlled heredity.
(c) Phycology is the study of algae, whereas Mycology is the study of fungi.
(d) Space Biology is the study of survival problems of living things in outer space, whereas Exobiology is the study of life elsewhere in the universe.
(e) Biotechnology is the use of living cells or micro-organisms in industry and technology, whereas Bioinformatics is the management and analysis of biological information stored in databases.
(f) Embryology is the study of formation and development of embryo of plants and animals, whereas Immunology is the science that deals with the phenomena and causes of immunity (resistance to or defence against diseases).
(g) Ichthyology is the study of fishes, whereas Pisciculture is the technique of growing fish.
Solution D.1
Yes, Biology can help in further increasing the yield of food. New varieties of plants and new breeds of cattle, poultry, etc. are being developed with the knowledge of biology. The science has also increased our knowledge of diseases of plants and animals, and how to cure them. All these efforts are helping us to produce more food in fields, dairies and poultry farms.