Chapter 12 The Endocrine System - Concise Biology Part II - Selina Solutions for Class 10 Biology ICSE

Question 1

A gland having endocrine as well as exocrine function

(a) Pituitary

(b) Thyroid

(c) Pancreas

(d) adrenal

Solution 1

(c) pancreas

Question 2

Exophthalmic goiter is caused due to the overactivity of

(a) thymus

(b) thyroid

(c) parathyroid

(d) adrenal cortex

Solution 2

(b) thyroid

Question 3

The deficiency of ADH causes:

(a) diabetes mellitus

(b) diabetes insipidus

(c) dwarfism

(d) acromegaly

Solution 3

(b) diabetes insipidus

Question 4

Name the following:

(a) The three hormones produced by pancreas

(b) The hormone produced by adrenal medulla

(c) The condition caused by the over secretion of insulin

(d) The hormone secreted by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans

(e) The hormone which increases blood pressure

(f) The hormone causing more urine formation

(g) The hormone which stimulates the entire sympathetic nervous system

Solution 4

(a) Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

(b) Adrenaline

(c) Hypoglycemia

(d) Insulin

(e) Adrenaline

(f) Anti-diuretic hormone (Vasopressin)

(g) Adrenaline

Question 5

What would a child suffer from, if there was hypo secretion from his thyroid?

Solution 5

If there was hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in a child; the child will suffer from cretinism. The symptoms of cretinism are dwarfism, mental retardation, etc.

Question 6

Choose the odd one out from each series:

(a) The glands - thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, prostate

(b) The conditions - cretinism, myxoedema, goiter, scurvy

(c) The hormones- insulin, glucagon, cretinism, thyroxine

(d) The hormonal sources - adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, cortisone, pituitary

Solution 6

(a) Prostate

(b) Scurvy

(c) Cretinism

(d) Cortisone

Question 7

Match the items of column I with those of column II.

Column I	Column II
1. Beta cells of islets of Langerhans	(a) condition due to under secretion of thyroxine in adults
2. Thyroid	(b) Undersecretion of glucocorticoids
3. Cretinism	(c) Exophthalmic goitre
4. Addison's disease	(d) Increases heart beat
5. Hypothyroidism	(e) Thyroxine
6. Myxoedema	(f) Adrenal cortex
7. Adrenaline	(g) Insulin
8. Cortisone	(h) Under secretion of thyroxine in a child

Solution 7

Column I	Column II
1. Beta cells of islets of Langerhans	(g) Insulin
2. Thyroid	(c) Exophthalmic goitre
3. Cretinism	(h) Under secretion of thyroxine in a child
4. Addison's disease	(b) Undersecretion of glucocorticoids
5. Hypothyroidism	(e) Thyroxine
6. Myxoedema	(a) condition due to under secretion of thyroxine in adults
7. Adrenaline	(d) Increases heart beat
8. Cortisone	(f) Adrenal cortex

Question 8

Match the conditions in column A with the cause in column B.

A (Condition)	B (Cause)
(a) Dwarfism and mental retardation	i. Excess of glucose in blood
(b) Diabetes mellitus	ii. Over secretion of growth hormone
(c) Shortage of glucose in blood	iii. Insulin shock
(d) Gigantism	iv. Over secretion of thyroxine
(e) Enlargement of breasts in adult males	v. Hypothyroidism
(f) Exophthalmic goitre	vi. Over secretion of cortical hormones

Solution 8

A (Condition)	B (Cause)
(a) Dwarfism and mental retardation	v. Hypothyroidism
(b) Diabetes mellitus	i. Excess of glucose in blood
(c) Shortage of glucose in blood	iii. Insulin shock
(d) Gigantism	ii. Over secretion of growth hormone
(e) Enlargement of breasts in adult males	vi. Over secretion of cortical hormones
(f) Exophthalmic goitre	iv. Over secretion of thyroxine

Question 9

Identify the odd one in each of the following and mention what the rest are:

(a) Larynx; glucagon; testosterone; prolactin

(b) Adrenaline; penicillin; insulin; thyroxin

(c) Stomach; ileum; liver; adrenaline

(d) TSH; GH; ADH; insulin

(e) Iodine; cretinism; goiter; myxoedema

Solution 9

(a) Larynx

Reason- Larynx is the sound box while the rest three i.e. glucagon; testosterone and prolactin are hormones.

(b) Penicillin

Reason - Penicillin is an antibiotic while adrenaline; insulin; thyroxine are hormones.

(c) Adrenaline

Reason - Adrenaline is a hormone while the stomach, ileum and liver are the organs of the digestive system.

(d) Insulin

Reason- Insulin is secreted by the pancreas while TSH, GH, ADH are the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.

(e) Iodine

Reason- Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroxine hormone. While cretinism, goitre, myxoedema are the deficiencies occur due to the deficiency of thyroxine.

Question 10

Mention which of the statements are true (T) and which are false (F). Give reason in support of your answer.

(a) Adrenaline is often described as the emergency hormone. (T/F)

(b) There are two kinds of diabetes (mild and severe) related with two different hormones. (T/F)

(c) Simple goitre can be prevented by using iodised salt in food. (T/F)

(d) Pituitary is popularly called the master gland. (T/F)

(e) Hormones "obey" the commands like "enough, slow down" or "too little, speed up". (T/F)

(f) Gigantism and dwarfism in humans basically depend on the quality and quantity of the food eaten during early growing age. (T/F)

Solution 10

(a) True

Reason- Adrenaline is described as emergency hormone because during any emergency situation more adrenaline is secreted which makes the heart beat faster, increases the breathing, releases more glucose into the blood stream to fulfill the energy requirement.

(b) False

Reason- The two different kinds of diabetes are diabetes insipidus caused due to insufficient secretion of vasopressin and the other is 'diabetes mellitus' caused due to hyposecretion of insulin but they cannot be described as mild and severe.

(c) True

Reason-Iodine is an active ingredient in the production of the thyroxine hormone.

(d) True

Reason- Pituitary gland controls the functioning of all the other endocrine glands.

(e) True

Reason- Hormones are poured directly into blood the blood stream and control physiological processes by chemical means. Their action depends on the feedback mechanism.

(f) True

Reason- Gigantism and dwarfism are controlled by the growth hormone from the pituitary gland. Growth hormone is much more active in children for their normal body growth along with which necessary substance required for the synthesis of growth hormone need to be consumed.

Question 11

How do endocrine glands differ from other glands?

Solution 11

Endocrine glands are ductless glands, means they pour their secretion i.e. hormones directly into the blood stream while the other glands are exocrine glands which have ducts. Through ducts they pour their secretions (not hormones) into the blood stream.

Question 12

Mention any two differences between a hormone and an enzyme.

Solution 12

Hormones unlike enzymes are secreted by the endocrine glands only. Also the hormones unlike the enzymes are poured directly into the blood. Hormones can be peptides, steroids, amine but all enzymes are proteins.

Question 13

Do you agree with the statement- "All hormones are chemical signals"? Yes/No. Justify your answer.

Solution 13

Chemically hormones are peptides, amines or steroids. They are involved in regulating the metabolism of the body. They can bring about specific chemical changes during metabolic process. Therefore hormones can be termed as 'chemical messengers'.

Question 14

Why is iodine as a nutrient, important to our body?

Solution 14

Iodine is an active ingredient in the production of the thyroxine hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine hormone is a very essential hormone for our body. In case of its abnormal secretions a person may suffer certain sever disorders. Therefore, it is an important nutrient for our body.

Question 15

If you stand to make your maiden speech before a large audience, your mouth dries up and heart rate increases. What brings about these changes?

Solution 15

Adrenaline is the hormone which prepares the body to meet any emergency situation. Adrenaline makes the heart beat faster. At the same time, it stimulates the constriction of the arterioles of the digestive system reducing the blood supply of the digestive system which makes the mouth dry.

Question 16

If one adrenal gland is removed, the other one gets enlarged to some extent. How do you explain this change?

Solution 16

If one adrenal gland is removed, the other one gets enlarged. This is to meet the requirement of hormones produced by the body.

Question 17

Name the two kinds of diabetes. Mention their symptoms and causes.

Solution 17

1. Diabetes mellitus:

Cause - under secretion of Insulin hormone

Symptoms - excretion of great deal of urine with sugar,

Person feels thirsty and loss of weight. In severe

cases, the person may lose the eye sight.

2. Diabetes insipidus:

Cause - Under secretion of Anti-diuretic hormone

Symptoms - frequent urination resulting in loss of water from body and the person feels thirsty.

Question 18

People living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goitre. What could be the possible reason for it?

Solution 18

The Himalayan soil is deficient in iodine. Thus, the food grown in such soil also becomes iodine deficient. Due to this reason, when Himalayan people consume iodine deficient food, they do not get the proper intake of iodine. Therefore, people living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goitre.

Question 19

Given below is a table designed to give the names of the glands, the hormones produced, their chief functions, the effects of over secretion and under secretion in respect of thyroid, pituitary and pancreas. Fill up the blanks 1-13.

S.No.	Source Gland cells	Hormone produced	Chief function	Effect of over secretion	Effect of under secretion
1.	(1) --------	thyroxine	(2) ----	(3)----	(4)---
2.	Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans	(5) ------	Promotes glucose utilization by the body cells	(6) ----	(7) ------
3.	(8) --------	Growth hormone	(9) ----	(10) ---	Dwarfism
4.	(11) ------	Vasopressin	Increases reabsorption of water from kidney tubules	(12) -------	(13) ------

Solution 19

S.No.	Source Gland cells	Hormone produced	Chief function	Effect of over secretion	Effect of under secretion
1.	Thyroid	thyroxine	Regulates basal metabolism	Exophthalmic goiter	Simple goiter, cretinism in children and myxoedema in adults
2.	Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans	Insulin	Promotes glucose utilization by the body cells	Hypoglycemia	Diabetes mellitus
3.	Anterior pituitary	Growth hormone	Promotes growth of the whole body	Gigantism	Dwarfism
4.	Posterior pituitary	Vasopressin	Increases reabsorption of water from kidney tubule	More concentrated and less amount of urine	Diabetes insipidus

Question 20

Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 7.

Gland	Hormone secreted	Effect on body
(1) -----------	(2) -------	Regulates basal metabolism
Pancreas ("beta" cells)	(3) -------	Controls blood sugar
(4) ------------	(5) --------	Increases heart beat
(6) ------------	Thyroid stimulating hormone	(7) ------------

Solution 20

Gland	Hormone secreted	Effect on body
Thyroid	Thyroxine	Regulates basal metabolism
Pancreas ("beta" cells)	Insulin	Controls blood sugar level
Adrenal gland	Adrenaline	Increases heart beat
Anterior pituitary	Thyroid stimulating hormone	Stimulates thyroxine secretion

Question 21

Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces numbered 1 to 8.

Gland	Secretions	Effect on body
(1)------------	oestrogen	(2) ---------------
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans	(3) -------	(4) ---------------
(5) ----------	(6) -------	Protruding eyes
(7) ----------	(8) -------	Gigantism

Solution 21

Gland	Secretions	Effect on body
Ovary	oestrogen	development of secondary sexual characteristics
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans	Glucagon	Raises blood sugar level
Thyroid	Hypersecretion of thyroxine	Protruding eyes
Anterior pituitary	Hypersecretion of Growth hormone	Gigantism

Question 22

Compare the hormonal response with the nervous response with respect to their speed, transmission and general nature of changes brought about.

Solution 22

Hormonal Response	Nervous Response
Hormonal response is slow.	Nervous response is immediate.
Hormones are chemical messengers transmitted through blood stream.	Nerve impulses are transmitted in the form of electro-chemical responses through nerve fibres.
This response brings about a specific chemical changes. Therefore it regulates the metabolism.	This response does not bring any chemical change during metabolism.

Question 23

Mention three important differences between the action of hormones and that of nerves in the regulatory mechanism of our body.

Solution 23

Action of Hormones	Action of Nerves
The effect of hormones is wide spread in the body. They can show their effect on more than one target site at a time.	The nerve response affects only particular glands.
The effect of hormones can be short-lived or long lasting.	The effect of nervous response is always short-lived.
Cannot be modified by the previous learning experiences.	Can be modified by the previous learning experiences.

Question 24

Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:

a. Name the cells of the pancreas that produce (1) glucagon (2) insulin.

b. State the main function of (1) glucagon and (2) insulin.

c. Why is the pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland?

d. Why is insulin not given orally but is injected into the body?

e. What is the technical term for the cells of the pancreas that produce endocrine hormones?

f. Where in the body is the pancreas located?

Solution 24

a. Glucagon: Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans

Insulin: Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans

b. Insulin: It maintains the levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood.

Glucagon: It raises the blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

c. An endocrine gland is one which does not pour its secretions into a duct, while an exocrine gland is a gland which pours its secretions into a duct. Because the pancreas produces hormones such as insulin, glucagon and somatostatin directly into the blood and not into a duct, it functions as an endocrine gland. Because it secretes the pancreatic juices for digestion via a duct, it functions as an exocrine gland. Hence, the pancreas is an exo-endocrine gland.

d. Insulin is not administered orally because the digestive juices degrade insulin, and thus the insulin is ineffective in the body.

e. Islets of Langerhans

f. The pancreas is located in the abdomen behind the stomach.

Question 25

Given below is a portion from the human body showing some important structure in ventral (front) view.

(a) Where is this portion located in the body?

(b) Name the structures numbered 1-3.

(c) State one main function of each of the structures named above.

(d) Is there any duct to carry the secretions from the structure numbered 2? If so, give its name.

Solution 25

(a) This portion is located in the neck region above the sternum.

(b) 1- Larynx, 2 - Thyroid gland, 3 - Trachea

(c) Larynx is the voice box containing vocal cords. It helps in producing sound.

Thyroid gland produces thyroxine and calcitonin which are essential hormones.

Trachea is the wind pipe that helps in passing air to and from the respiratory system while breathing.

(d) Structure 2 is the thyroid gland. It is an endocrine gland, so it is ductless and pours its secretions directly into the blood. Hence, there is no duct.

Question 26

Given below is an outline diagram of human body showing position of certain organs.

(a) Name the parts numbered 1 to 4.

(b) What is common to all these parts in regard to the nature of their functions?

(c) Name the nutrient element which is essential for the normal working of part 2.

Solution 26

(a) 1- Pituitary gland, 2 - thyroid gland, 3 - pancreas, 4 - adrenal glands

(b) All the glands shown in the above diagram are endocrine glands. They secrete essential hormones and pour their secretions directly into the blood.

(c) Iodine is essential for the normal working of thyroxine.

Question 27

Given below are two diagrams (one is correct, the other one is somewhat incorrect) showing the transport of a hormone from its source gland/cell to the target organ/cell.

(a) Which one has the error- A or B?

(b) What is the error?

Solution 27

(a) A

(b) Hormone secreted by the endocrine gland is shown in the image A to be moving only in one direction i.e. towards the target organ. But actually the hormones poured into the blood stream may have one or more target sites at a time. The arrows shown are carried to all parts by the blood and their effect is produced only in one or more specific parts.

Chapter 12 : The Endocrine System - Selina Solutions for Class 10 Biology ICSE

Chapter 12 - The Endocrine System Excercise Ex. 1

Key Features of Study Materials for ICSE Class 10 Biology:

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Chapter 12 : The Endocrine System - Selina Solutions for Class 10 Biology ICSE

Chapter 12 - The Endocrine System Excercise Ex. 1

Key Features of Study Materials for ICSE Class 10 Biology:

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