CBSE Class 10 Answered
It is the system of assignment of names to organic compounds.
System of Nomenclature are:
- Trivial system
- IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
According to IUPAC, the name of an organic compound consists of three parts
i.Root word
ii.Suffix
iii.Prefix
i.Root word
Depends upon the number of carbon atoms present in the longest carbon chain selected.
Number of carbon atoms |
Root Word |
One carbon atom C1 |
Meth |
Two carbon atom C2 |
Eth |
Three carbon atom C3 |
Prop |
Four carbon atom C4 |
But |
Five carbon atom C5 |
Pent |
Six carbon atom C6 |
Hex |
Seven carbon atom C7 |
Hept |
Eight carbon atom C8 |
Oct |
Nine carbon atom C9 |
Non |
Ten carbon atom C10 |
Dec |
ii.Suffix
The root word is followed by an appropriate suffix, which represents the nature of the bond in a carbon- carbon atom.
Nature of bond |
Suffix |
General name |
General formula |
Single bond(C-C) |
-ane |
Alkane |
CnH2n+2 |
Double bond(C=C) |
-ene |
Alkene |
CnH2n |
Triple bond( ) |
-yne |
Alkyne |
CnH2n-2 |
Group(R-) |
-yl |
Alkyl |
CnH2n+1 |
iii.Prefix
It denotes the substituent, alkyl or functional group and its position in the carbon chain.
Di-, tri-, tetra-, are used for two, three and four groups of the same type respectively.