Class 10 FRANK Solutions Physics Chapter 1 - Force, Work, Energy and Power - Exercises and MCQ
Practise Frank Solutions for ICSE Class 10 Physics Chapter 1 Force, Work, Energy and Power Exercises and MCQ to understand chapter concepts. Get accurate answers for textbook questions on our study portal and quickly revise concepts like simple machine, efficiency, lever, centre of gravity etc. Also, revise Physics formulae with step-wise solutions for problems based on moment of force, torque, moment of a couple and other concepts.
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Force, Work, Energy and Power - Exercises and MCQ Exercise 56
Solution 1
The turning effect produced by a force on a rigid body about a point, pivot or fulcrum is called the moment of force or torque. It is measured by the product of force and the perpendicular distance of the pivot from the line of action of force.
Moment of a force = Force x perpendicular distance of the pivot from the force.
Its SI unit is newton-metre (Nm).
Moment of a force = Force x perpendicular distance of the pivot from the force.
Its SI unit is newton-metre (Nm).
Solution 2
The physical quantity is 'torque'.
Solution 3
The turning effect produced by a force on a rigid body about a point, pivot or fulcrum is called the moment of force or torque. It is measured by the product of force and the perpendicular distance of the pivot from the line of action of force.
Solution 4
Solution 5
No, the moment of force is a vector quantity.
Solution 6
A larger diameter provides a greater torque (= force x perpendicular distance); hence, it is easier to turn a steering wheel of a large diameter than that of a small diameter.
Solution 7
The point through which the resultant of the weights of all the particles of the body acts is called its centre of gravity
Solution 8
A body is said to be in equilibrium under the action of a number of forces, if the forces are not able to produce any change in the state of rest or of uniform motion or uniform rotation.
Solution 9
Principle of moments: If a body is in equilibrium under the action of number of force, then the sum of clockwise moments is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments.
Solution 10
Solution 11
Solution 12
The point through which the resultant of the weights of all the particles of the body acts is called its centre of gravity
Solution 13
The centre of gravity of a uniform ring is situated at the centre of the ring.
Solution 14
The centre of gravity of a body depends upon:
(i) Body's weight
(ii) Body's shape
(i) Body's weight
(ii) Body's shape
Solution 15
Yes, the centre of gravity of a body can be outside it. The CG of a uniform ring is at its centre, a point which is not on the body.
Solution 16
Force, Work, Energy and Power - Exercises and MCQ Exercise 57
Solution 17
Centripetal force: Whenever a body is moving in a circular path with a uniform speed, its velocity is continuously changing due to change in its direction. The body thus possesses acceleration and this acceleration is called centripetal acceleration. The force which produces this acceleration is called centripetal force. It acts along the radius towards the centre of the circular path.
It is not the same as the centrifugal force.
It is not the same as the centrifugal force.
Solution 18
The physical quantity is 'torque'.
Torque may be defines as the turning effect produced by a force on a rigid body about a point, pivot or fulcrum. It is measured by the product of force and the perpendicular distance of the pivot from the line of action of force.
Torque may be defines as the turning effect produced by a force on a rigid body about a point, pivot or fulcrum. It is measured by the product of force and the perpendicular distance of the pivot from the line of action of force.
Solution 19
Couple is a pair of equal and opposite forces with different line of action. Moment of Couple is the rotational effect produced by a couple.
SI unit of couple is Nm. CGS unit is dyne-cm.
Solution 20
The turning effect produced by a force on a rigid body about a point, pivot or fulcrum is called the moment of force or torque. It is measured by the product of force and the perpendicular distance of the pivot from the line of action of force.
Examples of turning effect of force:
(i) Turning a steering wheel
(ii) Tightening a cap
Examples of turning effect of force:
(i) Turning a steering wheel
(ii) Tightening a cap
Solution 21
A body is said to be in equilibrium under the action of a number of forces, if the forces are not able to produce any change in the state of rest or of uniform motion or uniform rotation.
Solution 22
Equilibrium in any case requires the ? forces acting on an object = 0, i.e. that there is
Fnet = 0.
Static equilibrium is the situation where the object upon which the forces act is no moving.
The object is "static" hence the state of equilibrium gets its name.
Dynamic equilibrium is the situation where an object is in constant velocity motion.
{This object can't experience an acceleration which means Fnet >0}
Fnet = 0.
Static equilibrium is the situation where the object upon which the forces act is no moving.
The object is "static" hence the state of equilibrium gets its name.
Dynamic equilibrium is the situation where an object is in constant velocity motion.
{This object can't experience an acceleration which means Fnet >0}
Solution 23
When the centre of gravity is nearer to the base of a body, the body is in stable equilibrium.
Conditions for stable equilibrium:
(a) The body should have a broad base.
(b) Centre of gravity of the body should be as low as possible.
(c) Vertical line drawn from the centre of gravity should fall within the base of the support.
Conditions for stable equilibrium:
(a) The body should have a broad base.
(b) Centre of gravity of the body should be as low as possible.
(c) Vertical line drawn from the centre of gravity should fall within the base of the support.
Solution 24
(a) If both the forces act at the same point of the body, they have the same line of action, and then the moment becomes zero.
(b) If both the forces act at two different points of the body at a separation d then they constitute a torque whose value is given F x d.
(b) If both the forces act at two different points of the body at a separation d then they constitute a torque whose value is given F x d.
Solution 25
Solution 26
Solution 27
Solution 28
Solution 29
Solution 30
Solution 31
A body is said to be in equilibrium under the action of a number of forces, if the forces are not able to produce any change in the state of rest or of uniform motion or uniform rotation.
Conditions for stable equilibrium:
(a) The body should have a broad base.
(b) Centre of gravity of the body should be as low as possible.
(c) Vertical line drawn from the centre of gravity should fall within the base of the support.
Conditions for stable equilibrium:
(a) The body should have a broad base.
(b) Centre of gravity of the body should be as low as possible.
(c) Vertical line drawn from the centre of gravity should fall within the base of the support.
Force, Work, Energy and Power - Exercises and MCQ Exercise 58
Solution 32
Solution 33
Solution 34
(i) We keep our body balanced on two feet by keeping the center of gravity of our body between our feet. It acts normal to the sea level vertically downwards. If COG goes out we fall or we get unbalanced.
A boy standing on both legs has his COG in balanced position and is thus in stable equilibrium but a boy standing on one leg has his COG in unbalanced position which makes him quite unstable and hence it is easier to push him.
(ii) A man bends forward in order to keep himself in a stable equilibrium while climbing up a slope. By bending forward he increases the base of the support, so that the vertical line passing through his centre of gravity may still fall within the base.
(iii) When a truck is not fully loaded, its COG is at a high point and hence the turning moment of the weight is much greater, thus, the truck will be quite unstable and there are chances of toppling, when a truck takes a sharp turn.
(iv) When a man gets down from a moving train, his feet come to rest immediately, while the upper part of his body due to inertia of motion still remains in motion and consequently he leans in forward direction. The person while getting down of a train should run forward in the direction of the moving train to avoid fall.
(v) This is due to the fact that the body of the passenger is in the state of rest as long as the bus is at rest. When the bus starts, his feet acquire the velocity of the bus and come to motion with the moving bus, while the upper portion of his body due to inertia of rest tends to remain in the state of rest, resulting in his tendency to fall backwards.
A boy standing on both legs has his COG in balanced position and is thus in stable equilibrium but a boy standing on one leg has his COG in unbalanced position which makes him quite unstable and hence it is easier to push him.
(ii) A man bends forward in order to keep himself in a stable equilibrium while climbing up a slope. By bending forward he increases the base of the support, so that the vertical line passing through his centre of gravity may still fall within the base.
(iii) When a truck is not fully loaded, its COG is at a high point and hence the turning moment of the weight is much greater, thus, the truck will be quite unstable and there are chances of toppling, when a truck takes a sharp turn.
(iv) When a man gets down from a moving train, his feet come to rest immediately, while the upper part of his body due to inertia of motion still remains in motion and consequently he leans in forward direction. The person while getting down of a train should run forward in the direction of the moving train to avoid fall.
(v) This is due to the fact that the body of the passenger is in the state of rest as long as the bus is at rest. When the bus starts, his feet acquire the velocity of the bus and come to motion with the moving bus, while the upper portion of his body due to inertia of rest tends to remain in the state of rest, resulting in his tendency to fall backwards.
Solution 35
To increase the stability of a body, its base should be made broad and heavy, and the centre of gravity of the body should be lowered.
Solution 36
(i) Two equal and opposite parallel forces acting along different lines on a body constitute a couple.(ii)
Solution 37
(i) Leaning tower of Pisa is stable because a line through the centre of gravity falls within the structure's base. If the line falls outside the structure's base then there is a possibility that overturning will occur. This structure could be classified as unstable.
(ii) We bend forward in order to keep ourselves in a stable equilibrium while climbing up a hill. By bending forward we increases the base of the support, so that the vertical line passing through our centre of gravity still falls within the base.
(iii) By keeping the legs apart, the base of the body broadens, thus the C.G. lowers and the body attains a more stable equilibrium.
(iv) Passengers are usually advised not to stand in the upper deck of the double deck bus. When the passengers are standing, the C.G. rises. This decreases the stability of the bus. When the passengers are sitting, the C.G. gets lowered and stability of the bus increases.
(ii) We bend forward in order to keep ourselves in a stable equilibrium while climbing up a hill. By bending forward we increases the base of the support, so that the vertical line passing through our centre of gravity still falls within the base.
(iii) By keeping the legs apart, the base of the body broadens, thus the C.G. lowers and the body attains a more stable equilibrium.
(iv) Passengers are usually advised not to stand in the upper deck of the double deck bus. When the passengers are standing, the C.G. rises. This decreases the stability of the bus. When the passengers are sitting, the C.G. gets lowered and stability of the bus increases.
Solution 38
Solution 39
Solution 40
Force, Work, Energy and Power - Exercises and MCQ Exercise 59
Solution 41
'Work' is said to be done when the applied force makes the body move i.e., there is a displacement of body.
It is equal to the product of force and the displacement of the point of application of the force in the direction of force.
The SI unit of work is 'joules' and the CGS unit is 'erg'.
It is equal to the product of force and the displacement of the point of application of the force in the direction of force.
The SI unit of work is 'joules' and the CGS unit is 'erg'.
Solution 42
(i) [C]
(ii) [A]
(iii) [D]
(iv) [E]
(v) [B]
(ii) [A]
(iii) [D]
(iv) [E]
(v) [B]
Solution 43
Solution 44
Solution 45
Solution 46
The energy of a body is its capacity to do work.
The SI unit of work is 'joules' and the CGS unit is 'erg'.
The SI unit of work is 'joules' and the CGS unit is 'erg'.
Solution 47
When an elevator begins to move downwards in an accelerated mode, the forces acting on the body are the following:
a.Weight of the body acting downwards
b.Normal reaction of the floor acting upwards
c.The centrifugal force acting on the body, acting upwards.
Weight of the body is due to gravitational force on the body acting downwards.
Normal reaction is the force that is exerted by the elevator floor in response to the force with which the body presses itself against the floor.
The centrifugal force here is fictious force that acts on the body in the direction opposite to the acceleration of the reference frame, here it is, the elevator floor. It is given by ma, where m is the mass of the body & a is the accelaration of the elevator floor. Centrifugal force is directed opposite to the acceleration of the elevator floor.
Weightlessness is the condition of the zero apparent weight.
When the acceleration of the elevator is such that the upward centrifugal force Fc completely balances the downward weight Wt. of the body, the resultant normal reaction (N =Fc - Wt.) of the body is reduce dto zero. That's whene the body on the elevator floor will experience the state of weightlessness.
a.Weight of the body acting downwards
b.Normal reaction of the floor acting upwards
c.The centrifugal force acting on the body, acting upwards.
Weight of the body is due to gravitational force on the body acting downwards.
Normal reaction is the force that is exerted by the elevator floor in response to the force with which the body presses itself against the floor.
The centrifugal force here is fictious force that acts on the body in the direction opposite to the acceleration of the reference frame, here it is, the elevator floor. It is given by ma, where m is the mass of the body & a is the accelaration of the elevator floor. Centrifugal force is directed opposite to the acceleration of the elevator floor.
Weightlessness is the condition of the zero apparent weight.
When the acceleration of the elevator is such that the upward centrifugal force Fc completely balances the downward weight Wt. of the body, the resultant normal reaction (N =Fc - Wt.) of the body is reduce dto zero. That's whene the body on the elevator floor will experience the state of weightlessness.
Solution 48
Solution 49
Solution 50
Solution 51
Solution 52
Solution 53
The energy of a body is its capacity to do work.
The SI unit of work is 'joules' and the CGS unit is 'erg'.
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. In other words, energy can be transformed from one form to another but the total amount of all the energies remain the same.
The SI unit of work is 'joules' and the CGS unit is 'erg'.
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. In other words, energy can be transformed from one form to another but the total amount of all the energies remain the same.
Solution 54
Six forms of energy:
1. Solar energy: The energy radiated by the sun is called the solar energy. Inside the sun, energy is produced by nuclear fusion reaction. Solar energy cannot be used to do work directly, because it is too diffused and is not always uniformly available. However, a number of devices such as solar panels, solar cells etc. have been invented to make use of solar energy.
2. Heat energy: The energy released on burning coal, oil, wood or gas is the heat energy. The stem possesses heat energy it has capacity to do work.
3. Light energy: It is the form of energy in presence of which other objects are seen. The natural source of light energy is sun. Many other sources of heat energy also give light energy.
4. Chemical or fuel energy: The energy possessed by fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas is called chemical energy or fuel energy. These fuels are formed from the decayed remains of dead plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. In the interior of earth, due to high pressure and temperature the remains slowly changed into fossil fuels.
5. Hydro energy: The energy possessed by fast moving water is called the hydro energy. This energy is used to generate electricity in hydroelectric power stations. For this, dams are built across the rivers high up in the hills to store water. Water is allowed to run down the pipes and the energy of running water is used to turn a turbine. The turbine drives generators to produce electrical energy.
6. Nuclear energy: The energy released during the processes of nuclear fission and fusion is called nuclear (or atomic) energy. In both these processes, there is loss in mass which converts into energy in accordance with Einstein's mass-energy relation, E =mc2.
1. Solar energy: The energy radiated by the sun is called the solar energy. Inside the sun, energy is produced by nuclear fusion reaction. Solar energy cannot be used to do work directly, because it is too diffused and is not always uniformly available. However, a number of devices such as solar panels, solar cells etc. have been invented to make use of solar energy.
2. Heat energy: The energy released on burning coal, oil, wood or gas is the heat energy. The stem possesses heat energy it has capacity to do work.
3. Light energy: It is the form of energy in presence of which other objects are seen. The natural source of light energy is sun. Many other sources of heat energy also give light energy.
4. Chemical or fuel energy: The energy possessed by fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas is called chemical energy or fuel energy. These fuels are formed from the decayed remains of dead plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. In the interior of earth, due to high pressure and temperature the remains slowly changed into fossil fuels.
5. Hydro energy: The energy possessed by fast moving water is called the hydro energy. This energy is used to generate electricity in hydroelectric power stations. For this, dams are built across the rivers high up in the hills to store water. Water is allowed to run down the pipes and the energy of running water is used to turn a turbine. The turbine drives generators to produce electrical energy.
6. Nuclear energy: The energy released during the processes of nuclear fission and fusion is called nuclear (or atomic) energy. In both these processes, there is loss in mass which converts into energy in accordance with Einstein's mass-energy relation, E =mc2.
Solution 55
The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position, shape or change of configuration is called potential energy.
Examples of potential energy:
(i) Water stored at a height in a reservoir.
(ii) A stretched spring.
(iii) A bent bow.
The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy.
Examples of kinetic energy:
(i) Air in motion has kinetic energy.
(ii) A swinging pendulum.
(iii) Moving hands of a clock.
Examples of potential energy:
(i) Water stored at a height in a reservoir.
(ii) A stretched spring.
(iii) A bent bow.
The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy.
Examples of kinetic energy:
(i) Air in motion has kinetic energy.
(ii) A swinging pendulum.
(iii) Moving hands of a clock.
Solution 56
Solution 57
Solution 58
(a) Potential energy
(b) Potential energy
(c) Kinetic energy
(d) Potential energy
(e) Kinetic energy
(b) Potential energy
(c) Kinetic energy
(d) Potential energy
(e) Kinetic energy
Force, Work, Energy and Power - Exercises and MCQ Exercise 60
Solution 59
Solution 60
(e) P.E (Wound spring) to K.E. (motion)
Solution 61
(a) Electric bell
(b) Candle flame
(c) Dry cell
(d) Solar cell
(e) Electric iron
(b) Candle flame
(c) Dry cell
(d) Solar cell
(e) Electric iron
Solution 62
Solution 63
Solution 64
Solution 65
Solution 66
(a) Simple machine: A machine is a device by which we can either overcome a large resistive force at some point by applying a small force at a convenient point and in a desired direction or by which we can obtain a gain in speed.
(b) Lever: A lever is a rigid, straight or bent bar which is capable of turning about a fixed axis.
(c) Mechanical advantage (M.A.): The ratio of the load to the effort is called the mechanical advantage of the machine.
(d) Velocity ratio (V.R.): The ratio of the velocity of effort to the velocity of load is called the velocity ratio of the machine.
It is also defined as the ratio of the displacement of effort to the displacement of load.
(e) Efficiency: Efficiency of a machine is the ratio of the useful work done by the machine to the work put into the machine by the effort. In other words, it is the ratio of the work output to the work input.
(b) Lever: A lever is a rigid, straight or bent bar which is capable of turning about a fixed axis.
(c) Mechanical advantage (M.A.): The ratio of the load to the effort is called the mechanical advantage of the machine.
(d) Velocity ratio (V.R.): The ratio of the velocity of effort to the velocity of load is called the velocity ratio of the machine.
It is also defined as the ratio of the displacement of effort to the displacement of load.
(e) Efficiency: Efficiency of a machine is the ratio of the useful work done by the machine to the work put into the machine by the effort. In other words, it is the ratio of the work output to the work input.
Solution 67
E.g. of class I lever with M.A. = 1: A physical balance has both arms equal (i.e. effort arm = load arm), thus its M.A. = 1
E.g. of class I lever with M.A. = 1: A pair of scissors used to cut a piece of cloth has blades longer than the handle (i.e. effort arm is shorter than the load arm), thus its M.A. = 1.
E.g. of class I lever with M.A. = 1: Shears used for cutting thin metal sheets have much longer handles as compared to the blades (i.e. effort arm is longer than the load arm), thus its M.A. = 1 and it serves as a force multiplier.
Force, Work, Energy and Power - Exercises and MCQ Exercise 61
Solution 68
Solution 69
Or, E = 71.4 kgf
Solution 70
Solution 71
Solution 72
