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Class 10 FRANK Solutions Physics Chapter 3.2 - Different Kinds of Vibrations and Characteristics of Sound

Practise our Frank Solutions for ICSE Class 10 Physics Chapter 3.2 Different Kinds of Vibrations and Characteristics of Sound to prepare for your exam. With our Frank Solutions by your side, you can quickly go through concepts such as free vibrations, damped vibrations, resonance and others. Learn how a tuning fork can be used to explain the phenomenon of resonance with our step-wise answers.

Further, go through chapter-wise questions and solutions in TopperLearning’s ICSE Class 10 Physics Selina Solutions. For self-evaluation, refer to our practice tests, sample question papers and previous years’ Physics question papers.

Different Kinds of Vibrations and Characteristics of Sound Exercise 145

Solution 1

The propagation of wave through a medium due to the repeated oscillatory motion of the particles of the medium about their mean position, the motion being handed over from one particle of the medium to the next particle progressively is referred to as wave motion.

Solution 2


Solution 3

The vibrations of a body with constant amplitude and constant frequency are called free vibrations.

Solution 4

A body clamped at one point, if disturbed slightly from its position of rest starts vibrating. The vibrations so produced are called natural vibrations of the body. The natural period or frequency of such vibrations is called frequency of vibration of a body. This frequency depends upon the shape and size of the body.

Solution 5

The periodic vibrations of body of decreasing amplitude are called the damped vibrations.

Solution 6

When the frequency of the forced vibration is equal to the natural frequency of a body nearby or an integer multiple of it then the body vibrates with a large amplitude. This phenomenon is called resonance.
E.g.1 all stringed instruments are provided with sound box (or sound chamber). This box is so constructed that the column of of air inside it, has a natural frequency which is the same as that of the strings stretched on it, so that when the strings are made to vibrate, the air column inside the box is set to forced vibrations. Since the sound box has a large area, it sets a large volume of air into vibration of the same frequency as that of the string. So, due to resonance, a loud sound is produced.
E.g.2 Radio and TV receivers have electronic circuits which produce electrical vibrations, the frequency of which can be changed by changing the values of the electrical components of that circuit. When we want to tune a radio or TV receiver, we merely adjust the values of the electronic components to produce vibrations of frequency equal to that of the incoming radio waves which we want to receive. When the two frequencies match, due to resonance, the energy or signal of that particular frequency is received from the incoming waves. The signal is then amplified in the receiver set.

Solution 7

(i) Diagram (a) shows the principal note as the string in this diagram is vibrating in one loop.
(ii) Diagram (c) has the frequency four times that of first.
(iii) The ratio of frequency of the vibration in (a) and (b) is 1:2.

Solution 8

Solution 9

Examples of forced vibrations:
1. When the stem of a vibrating tuning fork is pressed against the top of a table, the tuning fork forces the table top to vibrate with its own frequency. The vibrations produced in the table top are forced vibrations.
2. When a guitar is played, the vibrations produced by the strings of the guitar are the forced vibrations.

Solution 10

When an oscillatory system is made to oscillate under the action of an externally applied periodic force, it is said to execute forced vibrations. In this case the external frequency may or may not be equal to the natural frequency of the body.
In case of resonance, the externally applied periodic force has the same frequency as the natural frequency of oscillation of the given oscillatory system.

Solution 11

Frequency of vibrations of a stretched string depends upon:
1. Frequency of the fundamental note of a stretched string is inversely proportional to the length of the vibrating string.
2. Frequency is directly proportional to the square root of the tension of the string.
3. Frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of linear density. That is, mass per unit length of the material of the string. Thinner is the wire, higher is the frequency.

Solution 12

Frequency of vibration of a stretched string can be increased by:
1. By increasing the tension in the string.
2. By decreasing the length of the string.

Solution 13

When a troop crosses a suspension bridge, the soldiers are asked to break steps. The reason is that when soldiers are in steps, all the separate forces exerted by them are in same phase and therefore vibrations of a particular frequency are produced. Now if the natural frequency of the bridge happens to be equal to the frequency of steps (or an integer multiple of it) the bridge will vibrate with a large amplitude due to resonance and the suspension bridge could crumble.

Solution 14

The medium offers some resistance due to which the amplitude of vibrations decreases with time.

Solution 15

No, pitch is not the same as frequency.

Solution 16

We know that the frequency of the string depends on the length, density and tension; hence the tension is changed to bring about the desired tuning because length is fixed in this case.

Solution 17

In stringed instruments frequency depends on thickness or radius of string. So to produce different frequencies different strings of different thicknesses are provided.

Solution 18

(i) No loud sound is heard with P and R but a loud sound is heard with S.
(ii) Resonance occurs with the air column in tubes Q and S whereas no resonance occurs in the air columns of tubes P and R. The frequency of vibrations of air column in the tube S is thrice the frequency of vibrations of air column in the tube Q, while the frequency of vibrations of air column in tubes P and R is neither equal to nor an integer multiple of frequency of vibrations of air column in tube Q.
(iii) When the frequency of vibrations of air column is either equal to or an integer multiple of the frequency of the vibrating tuning fork, resonance occurs.

Different Kinds of Vibrations and Characteristics of Sound Exercise 146

Solution 19

Frequency 512 Hz is twice the natural frequency of the tuning fork (256 Hz), hence the tuning fork will resonate at the frequency 512 Hz.

Solution 20

(i) If the tuning fork A is set into vibration, the other fork B also starts vibrating and a loud sound is heard.
The vibrating tuning fork A produces the forced vibrations in the air column of its sound box. These vibrations are of large amplitude because of large surface area of the air in the sound box and they are communicated to the sound box of the fork B. The air column of B starts vibrating with the frequency of fork A. Since the frequency of these vibrations is same as the natural frequency of the fork B, the fork B starts vibrating due to resonance.
(ii) The principle of 'resonance' is illustrated by this experiment.
Statement: When the frequency of the forced vibration is equal to the natural frequency of a body nearby or an integer multiple of it then the body vibrates with a large amplitude. This phenomenon is called resonance.

Solution 21

Observation: It is observed that the pendulum S also starts vibrating and it ultimately acquires the same amplitude as that of P and the vibrations of S are in phase with those of P (i.e. they reach their extreme positions on either side simultaneously). The pendulums Q and R also vibrate but they vibrate with smaller amplitudes.
Reason: The vibrations produced in pendulum P are communicated to the other pendulums Q,R and S through the elastic string XX'. The pendulums Q and R are in the state of forced vibrations, while the pendulum S is in the state of resonance. This is because the natural period of pendulum S is equal to that of P (being of same length), and therefore resonance takes place. The pendulum S therefore vibrates with the amplitude of P and remains in phase with the pendulum A.
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