CBSE Class 12-science Answered
Why is nuclear fusion reaction called a thermonuclear reaction?
Asked by mridulabarua05 | 08 Mar, 2019, 02:01: PM
Expert Answer
Nuclear fusion reactions are taking place at extreme values of temperature and pressure because the light nuclei like protons,
which are involved in the nuclear reactions, should have energy ˜450 keV equivalent to temperature ˜109 K .
Such a high temperature is required because only in that high temperature conditions , protons have eough energy– due to their
thermal motions alone – to over come the coulomb barrier in order to initiate the nuclear reactions.
Even in the interior of sun and stars , we have temperature ˜107 K , but energy is produced by nuclear fusion reactions.
This is possible because, though average temperature is ˜107 K , protons have maxwellian velocity distribution and at the tail end
of this velocity distribution ( higher velocity region than average), fraction of protons have enough energy to initiate nuclear fusion reactions.
Hence to achieve nuclear fusion reactions, fuel material (deuterium and tritium) should be heated to ˜107 K to get
maxwellian distribution of speed/energy of nuclei involved in nuclear reactions , so that required thermal motions of nuceli
are produced to initiate ans sustain the nuclear reactions.
Hence huge amount of thermal energy is involved for nuclear fusion reaction, it is called as thermonuclear reaction
Answered by Thiyagarajan K | 08 Mar, 2019, 02:40: PM
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