ICSE Class 8 Answered

Osmosis

Diffusion

It happens only in liquid state.

It occurs in all states of matter i.e., solids, liquids or gases.

It is the movement of only water or solvent from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Any type of substance that moves from a region of higher concentration to  a region of lower concentration.

It is applicable only for the solvent part of the solution.

It is applicable for all states of matter.

It requires semipermeable membrane.

It does not require semipermeable membrane.

Xylem

Phloem

It transports minerals and water from roots to upper parts of the plant.

It transports nutrients and food like amino acids, sugars from leaves to growing parts of the plant.

Its movement  is unidirectional

Its movement  is bidirectional

It is present in leaves, stems, and roots.

It is also present in leaves, roots, stems but transports and grows in fruits seeds and roots.

They are tubular shaped structures, with the absence of cross walls.

They are elongated, tubular shaped structures that include thin sieve tubes with walls.

It contains xylem sclerenchyma, xylem parenchyma, tracheids and vessel elements.

It contains companion cells,phloem parenchyma,sieve tubes, bast fibers and intermediary cells.

These tissues are present in the center of the vascular bundle.

These tissues are present outside of the vascular bundle.

Transpiration

Translocation

Evaporation of water from the leaves in the form of water vapour

Transportation of synthesized products (sugars) in a plant.

Occurs against the gravity 

Does not always occur against gravity.

Involves mainly the xylem cells which become active during absorption process by the roots

Involves both xylem and phloem cells to carry the synthesized food materials within the plant.