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Gland

Location

Hormones

Functions

Adrenal glands

Located on top of each kidney.

Adrenaline  

Adrenaline prepares the body for the fight and flight mechanism.

Thyroid gland

Located on the front of the neck.

Thyroxine

Regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.

It increases the basal metabolic rate (BMR).

It regulates body growth such as ossification of bones and mental development.

Parathyroid glands

Located in the neck behind the thyroid.

Parathormone

Controls metabolism and maintains blood calcium level

Pituitary gland

Located in the brain, between the hypothalamus and the pineal gland.

Growth Hormone

It is essential for normal growth.

Pineal gland

Located on the back portion of the third cerebral ventricle of the brain.

Melatonin

Regulates the 24-hour diurnal rhythm of the body (e.g. the sleep–wake cycle) and body temperature

Thymus

Located behind your sternum and between your lungs.

Thymopoietin

Thymosin

Controls the maturation and distribution of lymphocytes.

Stimulates the production of antibodies.

Pancreas

Located across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach.

Insulin

Regulates the blood glucose (sugar) level.

Testes in males

Located in the scrotum, just behind the penis and right in front of the anus.

Testosterone

Controls the development of sex organs in males.

Controls the development of secondary sexual characters during puberty.

Ovaries in females

Located in a woman's lower abdomen, between the bladder and the rectum

Oestrogen

Controls the development of female sex organs.

Controls the development of secondary sexual characters during puberty in females.