Class 12-commerce T S GREWAL Solutions Accountancy Chapter 4: Accounting Ratios
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.91
Solution Ex. 1
Current Assets = Trade Receivables + Pre-paid Expenses + Cash and Cash Equivalents + Marketable Securities + Inventories
= Rs.1,80,000 + Rs.40,000 + Rs.50,000 + Rs.50,000 + Rs.80,000
=Rs.4,00,000
Current Liabilities = Bills Payable + Sundry Creditors + Expenses Payable
= Rs.20,000 + Rs.1,00,000 + Rs.80,000 = Rs.2,00,000
Solution Ex. 2
Total Assets = Fixed Tangible Assets + Non-Current Investments + Current Assets
Rs.5,00,000 = Rs.2,50,000 + Rs.1,50,000 + Current Assets
Current Assets = Rs.5,00,000 - Rs.4,00,000 = Rs.1,00,000
Total Assets = Shareholder's Funds + Non - Current Liabilities + Current Liabilities
Rs.5,00,000 = Rs.3,20,000 + Rs.1,30,000 + Current Liabilities
Current Liabilities = Rs.5,00,000 - Rs.4,50,000 = Rs.50,000
Solution Ex. 3
Current Ratio = 2.5
Working Capital = Rs.1,50,000
Current Liabilities = Trade Payables + Other Current Liabilities
= Rs.90,000+ Rs.2,10,000 = Rs.3,00,000
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Rs. 1,50,000 = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
and Current Assets = 2.5 x 1,00,000 = 2,50,000
Solution Ex. 4
Working Capital = Rs.9,00,000
Current Liabilities = Trade Payables + Other Current Liabilities
= Rs.90,000+ Rs.2,10,000 = Rs.3,00,000
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Rs. 9,00,000 = Current Assets - Rs.3,00,000
Current Assets =Rs.9,00,000 + Rs.3,00,000 = Rs. 12,00,000
Solution Ex. 5
Total Debts = Rs.3,90,000
Long-term Debts = Rs.3,00,000
Current Liabilities = Total Debts - Long-term Debts
= Rs.3,90,000 - Rs.3,00,000 = Rs.90,000
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Rs.1,80,000 = Current Assets - Rs.90,000
Current Assets = Rs.2,70,000
Solution Ex. 6
Current Assets = Rs.7,50,000
Working Capital = Rs.2,50,000
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Rs.2,50,000 = Rs.7,50,000 - Current Liabilities
Current Liabilities = Rs.7,50,000 - Rs.2,50,000 = Rs.5,00,000
Solution Ex. 7
Trade Payables =Rs.50,000
Working Capital =Rs.9,00,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.3,00,000
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Current Assets = 9,00,000 + 3,00 ,000 = 12,00,000
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.92
Solution Ex. 8
Purchase of Goods on Credit for Rs.30,000 will have two effects:
(i) Increase Stock by Rs.30,000;
Current Assets will thereby increase to Rs.4,80,000 (Rs.4,50,000 + Rs.30,000)
(ii) Increase Creditors by Rs.30,000;
Current Liabilities will now be Rs.2,30,000 (Rs.2,00,000 + Rs.30,000)
Solution Ex. 9
Current Liabilities = Rs.1,75,000
Payment of Rs.30,000 to a Creditor will have two effects:
Decrease in Cash by Rs.30,000 and therefore Current Assets will decrease to Rs.3,20,000.
Decrease in Creditors by Rs.30,000 and this will decrease Current Liabilities to Rs.1,45,000.
Solution Ex. 10
Solution Ex. 11
Current Assets = Rs.8,75,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.3,50,000
Current Ratio = 2.5:1
The business is interested to maintain its Current Ratio at 2:1 by purchasing goods on credit.
Let the amount of goods purchased on credit be 'x'
Current Liabilities = Rs.3,50,000 + x
Current Assets = Rs.8,75,000 + x
Rs.8,75,000 + x = Rs.7,00,000 +2x
Rs.8,75,000 - Rs.7,00,000 = 2x - x
Rs.1,75,000 = x
Therefore, goods worth Rs.1,75,000 must be purchased on credit to maintain the current ratio at 2:1
Solution Ex. 12
Firm paid off liabilities of Rs.1,00,000 which results in decrease in current liabilities and current assets by the same amount.
After making the payment:
Current Assets = Rs.4,00,000 (Rs.5,00,000 - Rs.1,00,000)
And, Let Current Liabilities be (x - Rs.1,00,000)
Rs.4,00,000 = 2x - Rs.2,00,000
Rs.6,00,000 = 2x
Therefore, x = Rs.3,00,000
Current Liabilities after payment = x - Rs.1,00,000 = Rs.2,00,000
Working Capital after Payment = Current Assets - Current Liabilities = Rs.4,00,000 - Rs.2,00,000
= Rs.2,00,000
Current Assets before payment = Rs.5,00,000
Current Liabilities before Payment = Rs.3,00,000
Therefore, Working Capital Before Payment - Current Assets - Current Liabilities
= Rs.5,00,000 - Rs.3,00,000 = Rs.2,00,000
Solution Ex. 13
Current Ratio = 2:1
Let Current Assets be = Rs.20,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.10,000
a) Cash paid to Trade Payables- Improve
Reason: Payment results into decrease in Current Assets and Current Liabilities with same amount but with a positive impact on Current Ratio.
Example: Amount paid to Creditors Rs.5,000
Current Asset = Rs.20,000 - Rs.5,000 (Cash) = Rs.15,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.10,000 - Rs.5,000 (Creditors) = Rs.5,000
b) Bills Payable discharged- Improve
Reason: Payment results into decrease in Current Assets and Current Liabilities with same amount but with a positive impact on Current Ratio.
Example: Amount of bill discharged Rs.5,000
Current Asset = Rs.20,000 - Rs.5,000 (Cash) = Rs.15,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.10,000 - Rs.5,000 (B/P) = Rs.5,000
c) Bills receivable endorsed to a creditor- Improve
Reason: The endorsement of B/R leads to decrease in amount of B/R (current assets) and an equal decrease in liabilities in for form of creditors.
Example: Amount of bill endorsed Rs.5,000
Current Asset = Rs.20,000 - Rs.5,000 (B/R) = Rs.15,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.10,000 - Rs.5,000 (Creditors) = Rs.5,000
d) Payment of final dividend already declared- Improve
Reason- Current Asset (Cash/Bank) decreases with an equal decrease in current liabilities.
e) Purchase of Stock-in-Trade on credit- Decline
Reason: Lead to increase in Current Assets with an equal increase in Current Liabilities.
f) B/R endorsed to a Creditor dishonoured- Decline
Reason: It will result into increase in Current Assets and Current Liabilities by same amount.
g) Purchase of stock in trade for cash - No effect
Reason: Current Asset increase and decreases by same amount
h) Sale of Fixed Asset (BV-Rs.50,000) for Rs.45,000- Improve
Reason: Current Asset increases by Rs.45,000 without any affect on current liabilities.
i) Sale of Fixed Asset (BV-Rs.50,000) for Rs.60,000- Improve
Reason: Current Asset increases by Rs.60,000 without any affect on current liabilities.
Solution Ex. 14
For Current Ratio to be 1 : 1, Lets assume, Current Assets are Rs 10,000 and Current Liabilities to be Rs 10,000. Accordingly,
(a) Cash Paid to Trade Payable- No Change
(b) Purchase of Stock in Trade on credit- No Change
(c) Purchase of Stock in Trade for cash- No Change
(d) Payment of dividend-No Change
(e) Bills Payable discharged- No Change
(f) B/R endorsed to a creditor- No Change
(g) B/R endorsed to a creditor dishonoured- No Change
For Current Ratio to be 0.8 : 1, Lets assume, Current Assets are Rs 80,000 and Current Liabilities to be Rs 1,00,000. Accordingly,
(a) Cash Paid to Trade Payable- Reduce
(b) Purchase of Stock in Trade on credit- Improve
(c) Purchase of Stock in Trade for cash- No Change
(d) Payment of dividend-Reduce
(e) Bills Payable discharged- Reduce
(f) B/R endorsed to a creditor- Reduce
(g) B/R endorsed to a creditor dishonoured- Improve
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.93
Solution Ex. 15
Quick Assets or Liquid Assets = Current Assets - Inventories - Pre-paid Expenses
= Rs.20,00,000 - Rs.50,000 - Rs.10,000 = Rs.1,40,000
Solution Ex. 16
Quick Assets = Rs.1,50,000
Inventory = Rs.40,000
Prepaid Expenses = Rs.10,000
Current Assets = Quick Assets + Inventory + Prepaid Expenses
= Rs.1,50,000 + Rs.40,000 + Rs.10,000
= Rs.2,00,000
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Rs.1,20,000 = Rs.2,00,000 - Current Liabilities
Current Liabilities = Rs.80,000
Solution EX. 17
Current Liabilities = Current Assets - Working Capital
= Rs.3,00,000 - Rs.2,52,000 = Rs.48,000
Quick Assets = Current Assets - Inventories
= Rs.3,00,000 - Rs.60,000 = Rs.2,40,000
Solution Ex. 18
Current Liabilities = Total Debts - Long-term Debts
= Rs.7,80,000 - Rs.6,00,000
= Rs.1,80,000
Current Assets = Current Liabilities + Working Capital
= Rs.1,80,000 + Rs.3,60,000
= Rs.5,40,000
Quick Assets = Current Assets - Stock
= Rs.5,40,000 - Rs.1,80,000
= Rs.3,60,000
Solution Ex. 19
Current Liabilities = 6,00,000
Current Assets = 3 x Current Liabilities
= 3 x Rs.6,00,000 = Rs.18,00,000
Liquid Assets = 1 x Rs.6,00,000 = Rs.6,00,000
Inventory = Current Assets - Liquid Assets
= Rs.18,00,000 - Rs.6,00,000 = Rs.12,00,000
Solution Ex. 20
Solution Ex. 21
Solution Ex. 22
Solution Ex. 23
Solution Ex. 24
Solution Ex. 25
Solution Ex. 26
Quick Ratio = 2:1
Let Quick Assets be = Rs.20,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.10,000
i. Purchase of goods for Cash- Reduce
Reason: This transaction will result decrease in cash and increases in stock. Liquid Asset will decrease due payment for goods purchased.
Example: Purchase of goods Rs.5,000 for cash
Quick Assets = Rs.20,000 - Rs.5,000 (Cash) = Rs.15,000
ii. Purchase of goods on Credit- Reduce
Reason: Purchase of goods on credit will result increase in Current Liabilities and no change in Quick Assets.
Example: Purchase of goods on Credit Rs.5,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.10,000 + Rs.5,000 (Creditors) = Rs.15,000
iii. Sale of goods for Rs.10,000- Improve
Reason: Sale of goods will result in increase in Quick Assets by the amount Rs.10,000 in the form of either in cash or debtor. This transaction will result no change in current liabilities.
iv. Sale of goods costing Rs.10,000 of or Rs.11,000- Improve
Reason: This transaction will increase the Quick Assets by Rs.11,000 in the form of either in cash or debtors but no effect on the Current Liabilities.
Quick Assets after sale of goods = Rs.20,000 + Rs.11,000 = Rs.31,000
v. Cash received from Trade Receivables- No change
Reason: This transaction results increase in one quick asset in the form of cash and decrease in other quick asset in the form of debtors with an equal amount. Therefore it results in no change in the total of Quick Assets.
Example: Cash received from debtors Rs.5,000
Quick Assets = Rs.20,000 + Rs.5,000 (Cash) - Rs.5,000 (Debtors) = Rs.20,000
Solution Ex. 27
|
Transaction |
Impact |
|
Purchase of loose tools Rs.2,000 |
As cash is going out, quick assets are decreasing by 2,000. So, quick ratio will decrease. |
|
Insurance premium paid in advance Rs.500 |
As cash is going out, quick assets are decreasing by 500. So, quick ratio will decrease. |
|
Sale of goods on credit Rs.3,000 |
As debtors increase, quick assets also increase by 3,000. So, quick ratio will increase. |
|
Honoured a bills payable Rs.5,000 on maturity |
As cash is going out, quick assets are decreasing by 5,000 and since bill is honoured current liabilities are decreasing. Thus, quick ratio will decrease. |
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.94
Solution Ex. 28
Solution Ex. 29
Solution Ex. 30
Capital Employed = Rs.10,00,000
Fixed Assets = Rs.7,00,000
Current Assets = Capital Employed + Current Liabilities - Fixed Assets = Rs.10,00,000 + Rs.1,00,000 - Rs.7,00,000
= Rs.4,00,000
Solution Ex. 31
Current Assets
= Inventory + Trade Receivables + Cash and Cash Equivalents
= Rs.50,000 + Rs.30,000 + Rs.20,000
= Rs.1,00,000
Current Liabilities
= Short-term Borrowings + Trade Payables + Provision for Tax
= Rs.3,000 + Rs.13,000 + Rs.4,000
= Rs.20,000
Quick Assets
= Trade Receivables + Cash and Cash Equivalents
= Rs.30,000 + Rs.20,000
= Rs.50,000
Comments:
1. Ideal Current Ratio for a business is considered to be 2:1. But in this case the ratio is quite high i.e. 5:1. This may be due to the following reasons:
(i) Blockage of Funds in Stock
(ii) High Amount outstanding from Debtors
(iii) Huge Cash and Bank Balances
2. Ideal Quick Ratio of a business is supposed to be 1:1. This implies that Liquid Assets should be equal to the Current Liabilities. But in the given case Quick Ratio is 2.5: 1 which indicates that the Liquid Assets are quite high in comparison to the Current Liabilities.
Solution Ex. 32
Current Assets = Total Assets - Fixed Assets - Non-Current Investments - Long term Loans and Advances
Therefore, Current Assets = 8,00,000 - 3,00,000 - 50,000 - 50,000 =4,00,000
And Current Liabilities = Total Debt - Non-Current Liabilities
= 6,00,000 - 2,00,000 - 2,00,000= 2,00,000
Solution Ex. 33
Equity
= Equity Share Capital + General Reserve + Accumulated Profits
= Rs.5,00,000 + Rs.90,000 + Rs.50,000 = Rs.6,40,000
Debt = 10% Debentures = Rs.1,30,000
Solution Ex. 34
Total Debts = Rs.1,80,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.20,000
Long-term Debts = Total Debts - Current Liabilities
= Rs.1,80,000 - Rs.20,000 = Rs.1,60,000
Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
= Rs.2,60,000 - Rs.1,80,000 = Rs.80,000
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.95
Solution Ex. 35
Long-Term Debt = Debentures = Rs.75,000
Shareholder's Funds = Equity Share Capital + Preference Share Capital + General Reserve + Surplus
= Rs.1,00,000 + Rs.50,000 + Rs.45,000 + Rs.20,000
= Rs.2,15,000
Solution Ex. 36
Debt-Equity Ratio = 2:1
Let Long-term loan = Rs.20,00,000
Shareholders' Funds = Rs.10,00,000
i. Sale of Land (Book Value Rs.4,00,000) for Rs.5,00,000- Decrease
Reason: This transaction will result increase in Shareholders' Funds by Rs.1,00,000 as profit on sale of Land.
Shareholders' Funds after adjusting profit on sale of land = Rs.10,00,000
ii. Issue of Equity share for the purchase of plant and Machinery worth Rs.10,00,000 - Decrease Reason: This transaction will increase the amount of Shareholders Fund by Rs.10, 00,000 in the form of equity shares and have no effect on Long-term Loans.
iii. Issue of preference Shares for redemption of 13% Debentures worth Rs.10,00,000- Decrease Reason: This transaction will lead to decrease in Long-term Loan by Rs.10,00,000 in the form of redemption of debentures and increase in Shareholders' Funds with the same amount in the form of Preference Shares.
networ
Solution Ex. 37
Total Assets = Rs.12,50,000
Total Debts = Rs.10,00,000
Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
= Rs.12,50,000 - Rs.10,00,000
= Rs.2,50,000
Long-term Debts = Total Debts - Current Liabilities
= Rs.10,00,000 - Rs.5,00,000
= Rs.5,00,000
Solution Ex. 38
Shareholders' Funds = Rs.2,00,000
Capital Employed = Rs.8,00,000
Long-Term Debts = Capital Employed - Shareholders' Funds
= Rs.8,00,000 - Rs.2,00,000
= Rs.6,00,000
Solution Ex. 39
i. Debt-Equity Ratio: An indicator of Long-term financial health.
Debt = Loan from IDBI @ 9% = Rs.30,00,000
Equity = 10% Preference Share Capital + Equity Share Capital + Reserves and Surplus
= Rs.5,00,000 + Rs.15,00,000 + Rs.4,00,000 = Rs.24,00,000
ii. Current Ratio: An indicator of short-term financial portion.
Current Assets = Rs.12,00,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.8,00,000
Note: Securities Premium Reserve is not to be considered while computing Equity because it is already included in the amount of Reserves and Surplus.
Solution Ex. 40
Debt = Long-Term Borrowings + Long-Term Provisions
= 4,20,000 + 1,40,000 = 5,60,000
Equity = Total Assets - Total Debts
= {(8,40,000 - 1,40,000) + 14,000 + 56,000 + 3,50,000} - {4,20,000 + 1,40,000 + 2,80,000}
= 2,80,000
Solution Ex. 41
Debt Equity Ratio = 0.5:1
Let, Long-term Loans be Rs.10,00,000
and Shareholders' Funds Rs.20,00,000
i. Issue of Equity shares- Decrease
Reason: Results in increase in Shareholders' Funds with no change in Long-term Loan.
Example: Issue of equity share Rs.10,00,000
Shareholders' Funds after issue of equity shares = Rs.20,00,000 + Rs.10,00,000 = Rs.30,00,000
ii. Cash received from Debtors- No Change
Reason: Cash received increases one current asset in the form of cash and decreases other assets (debtors). But, it will not have any effect on Long-term Loan and Shareholders' Funds.
iii. Redemption of Debentures- Decrease
Reason: Results in decrease in Long-term Loans in the form of reduction in debtors with no change in Shareholders' Funds.
Example: Redemption of Debentures Rs.4,00,000
Long-term Loan = Rs.10,00,000 - Rs.4,00,000 = Rs.6,00,000
iv. Purchased of goods on Credit- No Change
Reason: It will not affect the transaction because purchase of goods results in no change in Long-term Loan and Shareholders' Funds.
Solution Ex. 42
Debt Equity Ratio = 2 : 1
Let, Debt be Rs.10,00,000
and Equity be Rs.5,00,000
i. Issue of New Shares for Cash (Say 2,50,000)- Decrease
Reason:
ii. Conversion of debentures into Equity Shares (Say 2,50,000)- Decrease
Reason:
iii. Sale of Fixed Asset at Profit (Say 2,50,000)- Decrease
Reason:
iv. Purchase of Fixed Asset on Long-term Deferred Payment Basis- Increases
Reason:
v. Payment to Creditors- No Change
Reason:
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.96
Solution Ex. 43
Long-Term Debt (Debentures) = 2,50,000
Equity = Equity Share Capital + 10% Preference Share Capital + Reserves and Surplus
= 5,00,000 + 5,00,000 + 2,40,000 = 12,40,000
Solution Ex. 44
Long - Term Debts = Rs.4,00,000
Total Assets = Rs.7,70,000
Solution Ex. 45
Total Debts = Rs.3,60,000
Shareholders' Funds = Rs.1,60,000
Current Liabilities = Rs.40,000
Total Assets = Total Debts + Shareholders' Funds
= Rs.3,60,000 + Rs.1,60,000
= Rs.5,20,000
Long-term Debts = Total Debt - Current Liabilities
= Rs.3,60,000 - Rs.40,000
= Rs.3,20,000
Solution Ex. 46
Total Assets = Land and Buildings + Trade Receivables + Cash and Cash Equivalents + Investments (Trade)
And, Long Term Debts = Capital Employed - Shareholders' funds
Total Assets = Land and Buildings + Trade Receivables + Cash and Cash Equivalents + Investments (Trade)
= Rs.60,00,000 + Rs.4,00,000 + Rs.5,00,000 + Rs.1,00,000
= Rs.70,00,000
Long Term Debts = Capital Employed - Shareholders' funds*
= Rs.50,00,000 - Rs.40,00,000
= Rs.10,00,000
*Shareholder's Fund = Share Capital + Reserve and Surplus
= Rs.35,00,000 + Rs.3,00,000 + Rs.2,00,000
= Rs.40,00,000
Solution Ex. 47
Total Assets = Total Liabilities = Total Debt + Shareholders' Funds
= Rs.60,00,000 + Rs.10,00,000
= Rs.70,00,000
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Rs.5,00,000 = Rs.25,00,000 - Current Liabilities
Current Liabilities = Rs.20,00,000
Long Term Debts = Total Debt - Current Liabilities
= Rs.60,00,000 - Rs.20,00,000
= Rs.40,00,000
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.97
Solution Ex. 48
Capital Employed = Total Assets - Current Liabilities
Rs.15,00,000 = Total Assets - Rs.5,00,000
Total Assets =Rs.20,00,000
Long Term Debt = Total Debt - Current Liabilities
= Rs.15,00,000 - Rs.5,00.000
= Rs.10,00,000
Solution Ex. 49
Solution Ex. 50
Debt = Total Debt - Current Liabilities
Total Debt = 12,00,000
Working Capital = Current Asset - Current Liabilities
Current Liabilities = Working Capital - Current Assets = 5,00,000 - 1,00,000 = 4,00,000
Debt = 12,00,000 - 4,00,000 = 8,00,000
Total Assets = Shareholders' Funds + Total Debt
= 2,00,000 + 12,00,00= 14,00,000
Solution Ex. 51
Debt = Total Debt - Current Liabilities
= 12,00,000 - 4,00,000 = 8,00,000
Total Assets = Capital Employed + Current Liabilities = 12,00,000 + 4,00,000 = 16,00,000
Solution Ex. 52
Debts = Long-term Borrowings + Long-term Provisions = 3,00,000 + 1,00,000 = 4,00,000
Total Assets = Current Assets + Non-Current Assets
= Current Assets + (Fixed Assets - Depreciation) + Non-Current Investments + Long-term Loans and Advances
= 2,50,000 + (6,00,000 - 1,00,000) + 10,000 + 40,000 = 8,00,000
Solution Ex. 53
Solution Ex. 54
Total Assets = Fixed Assets + Current Assets + Short-term Investments
= Rs.3,75,000 + Rs.1,50,000 + Rs.2,25,000
= Rs.7,50,000
Shareholders' Funds
= Equity Share Capital + Preference Share Capital + Reserves and Surplus
= Rs.3,00,000 + Rs.1,50,000 + Rs.75,000
= Rs.5,25,000
Solution Ex. 55
Total Assets = Fixed Assets + Trade Investments + Current Assets
= Rs.7,00,000 + Rs.2,45,000 + Rs.3,00,000
= Rs.12,45,000
Shareholders' Funds
= Equity Share Capital + 10% Preference Share Capital + Reserves and Surplus
= Rs.4,50,000 + Rs.3,20,000 + Rs.65,000 = Rs.8,35,000
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.98
Solution Ex. 56
Total Assets = Non-Current Assets + Current Assets (Short-term Investments + Inventories + Trade Receivables + Cash and Cash Equivalents)
= Rs.5,00,000 + (Rs.1,50,000 + Rs.1,00,000 + Rs.1,50,000 + Rs.1,00,000)
= Rs.10,00,000
Shareholders' Funds = Share Capital + Reserves and Surplus
= Rs.6,00,000 + Rs.1,50,000
= Rs.7,50,000
Solution Ex. 57
|
Transaction |
Impact |
|
Obtained a loan of Rs.5,00,000 from State Bank of India payable after five years. |
As cash is coming in, total assets increase by 5,00,000. However, since shareholders' funds remain intact therefore proprietary ratio will decrease. |
|
Purchased machinery of Rs.2,00,000 by cheque. |
As cash is going out and machinery is coming in, total assets are increasing and decreasing by 2,00,000 simultaneously. Thus, both numerator and denominator remain intact and so proprietary ratio will not change. |
|
Redeemed 7% Redeemable Preference Shares Rs.3,00,000. |
Shareholders' funds and total assets both decrease by 3,00,000 simultaneously and so proprietary ratio decreases. |
|
Issued equity shares to the vendor of building purchased for Rs.7,00,000. |
Shareholders' funds and total assets both increase by 7,00,000 simultaneously and so proprietary ratio improves. |
|
Redeemed 10% redeemable debentures of Rs.6,00,000 |
As cash is going out, total assets decrease by 6,00,000. However, since shareholders' funds remain intact therefore proprietary ratio will improve. |
Solution Ex. 58
Solution Ex. 59
Solution Ex. 60
Total Interest Amount
= Interest on Debentures + Interest on Long-term loans from Bank
= Rs.5,000 + Rs.5,000 = Rs.10,000
Profit before Interest and Tax = Profit after Tax + Tax + Interest
= Rs.75,000 + Rs.9,000 + Rs.10,000
= Rs.94,000
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.99
Solution Ex. 61
Solution Ex. 62
Cost of Goods Sold = Opening Inventory + Purchases - Closing Inventory
Rs.5,00,000 = Rs.1,00,000 + Rs.5,50,000 - Closing Inventory
Closing Inventory = Rs.1,50,000
Solution Ex. 63
Solution Ex. 64
Solution Ex. 65
Cost of Revenue from Operations = Revenue from Operations + Gross Loss
= 16,00,000 + 80,000 = 16,80,000
Solution Ex. 66
Solution Ex. 67
Solution Ex. 68
Calculation of Average Inventory:
Solution Ex. 69
a) Sale of goods for Rs.40,000 (Cost Rs.32,000)- Increase
Reason: Leads to decrease in value of closing stock which results into increase in proportion of Cost of Goods Sold and decrease in Average Stock.
b) Increase in value of Closing Inventory by 40,000 - Decrease
Reason: Results in decrease in Cost of Goods Sold and increase in Average Stock.
c) Goods purchased for Rs.80,000- Decrease
Reason: Increases the amount of Closing Stock and reduces the proportion of Cost of Goods Sold along with an increase in average stock.
d) Purchase Return Rs.20,000- Increase
Reason: Decrease Cost of Goods Sold and Average Stock with same amount.
e) Goods costing Rs.10,000 withdrawn for personal use- Increase
Reason: Decreases the amount of Closing Stock and Increases Cost of Goods Sold.
f) Goods costing Rs.20,000 distributed as free sample- Increase
Reason: Distribution of goods as free sample reduces Closing Stock which will result in increase in Cost of Goods Sold and decrease in Average Stock.
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.100
Solution Ex. 70
Solution Ex. 71
Given: Gross Profit is 25% of Cost.
Let, Cost of Goods Sold be x
Cost of Goods Sold (x) = Rs.3,84,000
Cost of Goods Sold = Opening Inventory (Stock) + Purchases - Closing Inventory (Stock)
Rs.3,84,000 = Opening Inventory + Rs.3,60,000 - Rs.68,000
Opening Inventory = Rs.3,84,000 - Rs.2,92,000 = Rs.92,000
Solution Ex. 72
Solution Ex. 73
Solution Ex. 74
Solution Ex. 75
Solution Ex. 76
Solution Ex. 77
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.101
Solution Ex. 78
Cost of Goods Sold = Opening Stock + Purchases + Direct Expenses - Closing Stock
= Rs.1,25,000 + Rs.3,00,000 + Rs.15,000 + Rs.75,000 = Rs.3,65,000
Solution Ex. 79
Solution Ex. 80
Solution Ex. 81
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.102
Solution Ex. 82
Solution Ex. 83
Solution Ex. 84
Solution Ex. 85
Solution Ex. 86
Solution Ex. 87
Solution Ex. 88
Solution Ex. 89
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.103
Solution Ex. 90
Solution Ex. 91
Solution Ex. 92
Net Credit Sales = 8,00,000
(i). Collection from Trade Receivables Rs.40,000- Increase
Reason: Collection results in decrease in the amount of closing trade receivables which reduces the amount of average trade receivables.
Closing Trade Receivables = Rs.2,00,000 - Rs.40,000 = Rs.1,60,000
(ii). Credit Revenue from Operations, i.e. Sales Rs.80,000- Decrease
Reason: Results in increase in both credit sales as well as closing receivables.
Credit Sales = 8,00,000 + 80,000 = Rs.8,80,000
Closing Trade Receivables = 2,00,000 + 80,000 = Rs.2,80,000
(iii). Sales Return Rs.20,000- Increase
Reason: Results in decrease in both sales and average trade receivables.
Credit Sales = 8,00,000 - 20,000= Rs.7,80,000
Closing Trade Receivables = 2,00,000 - 20,000 = Rs.1,80,000
(iv). Credit Purchase Rs.1,60,000 - No Change
Reason: It is only the credit sales that affects the DTR, credit purchases does not affect the Debtors Turnover Ratio.
Solution Ex. 93
Total Purchases = 21,00,000
Purchases Return = 1,00,000
Cash Purchases = 4,00,000
Solution Ex. 94
Given: Purchases = 9,50,000; Cash Purchases = 1,00,000 and Purchases Return = 45,000
Solution Ex. 95
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.104
Solution Ex. 96
Solution Ex. 97
Solution Ex. 98
Cost of Goods Sold = 20,00,000
Net Sales = Cost of Goods Sold + Gross Profit
Solution Ex. 99
Gross Profit = 5,00,000
Solution Ex. 100
Cost of Revenue from Operations = 40,00,000
Solution Ex. 101
Revenue from Operations (Net Sales) = 30,00,000
Current Assets = 12,50,000
Solution Ex. 102
Solution Ex. 103
Solution Ex. 104
Solution Ex. 105
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.105
Solution Ex. 106
Solution Ex. 107
Solution Ex. 108
Solution Ex. 109
Solution Ex. 110
(i) Purchase of Stock-in-Trade 50,000- No Change
Reason: Purchases and Closing Inventory will increase by 50,000. Accordingly, Cost of Goods Sold will not change and Gross Profit remains unaffected.
(ii) Purchases Return 15,000- No Change
Reason: Purchases and Closing Inventory will decrease by 15,000. Accordingly, Cost of Goods Sold will not change and Gross Profit remains unaffected.
(iii) Cash Sale of Stock-in-Trade 40,000- No Change
Reason: Actual Revenue from Operations will increase by 10,000 and gross profit by 10,000 (25% of 40,000). Thus, Gross Profit Ratio will remain same.
(iv) Stock-in-Trade costing 20,000 withdrawn for personal use- No Change
Reason: Purchases and Closing stock both will decrease by 20,000 leaving cost of revenue from operations unaffected. So, Gross Profit Ratio will not change.
(v) Stock-in-Trade costing 15,000 distributed as free sample- No Change
Reason: Purchases and Closing stock both will decrease by 15,000 leaving cost of revenue from operations unaffected. So, Gross Profit Ratio will not change.
Solution Ex. 111
Solution Q 112
*Note:
Sales Return has already been adjusted in the sales figure.
Solution Ex. 113
Solution Ex. 114
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.106
Solution Ex. 115
Operating Cost = Rs.9,00,000
Operating Cost = Cost of Revenue from Operations + Operating Expenses Rs.9,00,000 = Cost of Revenue from Operations + Rs.1,00,000
Cost of Revenue from Operations = Rs.8,00,000
Solution Ex. 116
Solution Ex. 117
Solution Ex. 118
Solution Ex. 119
Operating Ratio = 82.59%
Operating Ratio + Operating Profit Ratio = 100%
Operating Profit Ratio = 100% - 82.59% = 17.41%
Solution Ex. 120
Solution Ex. 121
Solution Ex. 122
Solution Ex. 123
Solution Ex. 124
Solution Ex. 125
Solution Ex. 126
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.107
Solution Ex. 128
Solution Ex. 127
Solution Ex. 129
Solution Ex. 130
Solution Ex. 131
Solution Ex. 132
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.108
Solution Ex. 133
Solution Ex. 134
|
Transaction |
Impact |
|
Purchase of machinery worth Rs.10,00,000 by issue of equity shares. |
Issue of shares will lead to an increase in the capital employed by Rs.10,00,000. But profit remains intact and so there will be a decline in the return on investment ratio. |
|
Charging depreciation of Rs.25,000 on machinery. |
Simultaneous decrease in profits and capital employed by Rs.25,000 will lead to a decline in return on investment ratio. |
|
Redemption of debentures by cheque Rs.2,00,000. |
Redemption of debentures will lead to a decrease in the capital employed by Rs.2,00,000. But profit remains intact and so there will be an increase in the return on investment ratio. |
|
Conversion of 9% Debentures of Rs.1,00,000 into equity shares. |
Decrease in debentures and increase in share capital causing a simultaneous increase and decrease in capital employed will leave the return on investment ratio unchanged. |
Solution Ex. 135
Solution Ex. 136
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.109
Solution Ex. 137
Solution Ex. 138
Solution Ex. 139
Solution Ex. 140
Solution Ex. 141
Accounting Ratios Exercise 4.110
Solution Ex. 142
Solution Ex. 143
Solution Ex. 144
Solution Ex. 145
Solution Ex. 146
Solution Ex. 147
