Class 10 MAHARASHTRA STATE TEXTBOOK BUREAU Solutions Science Chapter 9 - Social health

1. Laughter club is a remedy to drive away stress.
2. Alcohol consumption mainly affects nervous system.
3. The act IT Act-2000 is to curb the cybercrimes.

Factors affecting social health:

• In order to maintain social health of any community there should be availability of good amenities for the people. Food, water, shelter, clothing, medicines and medical help, equal opportunities for education, cleanliness of the surroundings and transport facilities should be provided for everyone.
• Social and political conditions of the surroundings should be maintained to avoid contact with the criminal world. The presence of such criminal ties can affect the social health to a great extent.
• Gardens, playgrounds, empty plots for outdoor games, sports clubs, etc. are important criteria for the overall development of the society. This results in personality development and makes people happy and healthy.
• Addictions, criminal tendencies, pervert behaviour and perverse thinking affects other people in the society and this reflects negatively on social health.
• Large groups of friends and relatives, proper use of time when alone and when along with the peer group, trust in others, respect and acceptance for others helps to build stronger social health.

• Several physical problems can arise if a person continuously remains stays on mobile phones.
• Tiredness, headache, insomnia, forgetfulness, tinnitus, joint pain and problems in vision occur due to radiation emanating from the cell phones. It can have a more disastrous effect on the young children as these radiations can penetrate through their bones.
• A person becomes solitary by logging on the internet for a long time. Such individuals are unable to establish harmonious relations with relatives and other people around.
• They tend to become self-centred and selfish. They lose sensitivity towards others. Such people never take any social responsibility and the social health is thus disturbed.

Problems faced by the common man due to incidences of cybercrime:

• The numbers of Aadhaar card, PAN card, credit card or debit card are obtained by the cheaters. This is an instance of cybercrime.
• The PIN number can be misused and the money can be withdrawn from the bank accounts.
• People can be cheated during online shopping.
• Fake account on Facebook is opened and false information is displayed on it. Often, girls are emotionally and financially exploited through such accounts.
• Electronic media are misused for sending derogatory and vulgar messages, obscene pictures and provocative statements.
• Through the internet, hackers can send virus to crash someone's computer or even mobile phones.
• Thus, common people can be victimized by cybercrime in different ways.

Importance of good communication with others:

• Now-a-days, there is fierce competition, insecurity and criminal tendencies in the society. This kind of atmosphere adds to mental and emotional stress.
• If stress remains buried in the mind, people are depressed or frustrated. This can causes mental disorders.
• Depression can lead to addictions. Suicidal thoughts hover in the mind.
• All these problems can be overcome if a person can open his/her heart by good communication.
• Help from the counsellors can be taken to relieve stress.
• It is possible to re-establish harmonious relations with parents or family members through good communication.

Ways of stress-bursting are as follows:

1. Laughter club: People gather together and laugh collectively to reduce stress.
2. Good communication: One should establish good communication with friends, siblings, cousins, teachers, parents or anybody in whom we can confide and express our feelings.
3. Writing: We feel relieved by writing and noting our thoughts. We can confess and analyse our mistakes through writing. This helps to reduce our stress.
4. Hobbies: Collecting curios, photography, reading good literature, listening to music, cooking, gardening, bird watching, keeping a pet, sculpturing, drawing, making rangoli and dancing are hobbies which are necessary for utilizing our spare time creatively. Pursuing a hobby is the best way to be stress-free. Music in particular is said to remove negative thoughts. Therefore, listening to music, learning music and singing helps to fight stress. Stress is relieved by admiring nature too.
5. Outdoor games and physical exercise: Participation in sports offers several benefits such as physical exercise, improvement in discipline, interaction with others and fostering unity and becoming more social. This eventually helps to reduce stress.

a. Hobbies to reduce stress:

Listening to music

Bird watching and nature trails

Reading good books

b. Diseases endangering social health:

AIDS

Tuberculosis

Leprosy

c. Physical problems arising due to excessive use of mobile phones:

Headache

Vision problems

Joint pain

d. Activities under the jurisdiction of cybercrime laws:

To perform bank transactions by procuring PIN number of others.

Misuse of written material of others or illegal sale of the same.

Hacking the information of government institutes and companies.

Time once lost never returns. Therefore, we must use our time effectively for studies, exercise or outdoor games and some kind of entertainment. In the free time, we must also help our parents in house hold work. If we are spending hours on surfing the internet without any reason or playing games on the computer or cell phone, it is a total waste of time. There are several inappropriate sites on the internet, which should not be watched. Continuous use of mobile phone and being hooked to the social media slowly becomes an addiction. This can cause stress. We must consciously make efforts to get rid of these bad habits within us.

The hazards of tobacco chewing will be explained to this child. Different photographs and videos showing conditions of oral cancer will be shown to this child to persuade him to stay away from tobacco. Parents will be informed about the child's habit and their help will be taken to free the child from this dangerous addiction.

Individuals who prefer to be incommunicative have a lot of thoughts going on in their mind. If my sister has become incommunicative, she will be taken into confidence and the reason behind her lack of communication will be discussed. Most often such individuals suffer from depression. So, she will not be left alone. Her friends will be invited at home, so that she can converse with them. She would be motivated to mix with her favourite people. She would be encouraged to pursue her hobbies. If nothing changes her, then the help of counsellor would be taken.

The free space around our home can be used to make a small garden. The garden soil can be bought and spread in this free space. Small saplings can be planted here and nurtured for further growth. Nursery of saplings can also be started in this free space. The space can also be utilised for outdoor games. The net for sports like badminton can be fixed and evening times can be spent in playing the game. Also, care will be taken to keep the space clean and free of any garbage.

The habit of continuously taking a selfie is bad. It shows that the friend is constantly thinking of himself. His self-centredness has to be removed by counselling him. It is important to understand the reason behind this behaviour. He should be diverted and motivated to take up some other tasks to divert his mind. Taking selfies is not a hobby. It is a bad habit if someone repeatedly engages in it.

The syllabus for class XII is vast. If studies are not taken seriously from the beginning of the academic year, then it is likely to develop stress due to exam fear and exam results. Therefore, instead of being stressed, my brother should practise time management and follow an appropriate study schedule. He should think of only one subject at a time. The atmosphere in the house should be maintained happy and tension-free. Everybody in the house should interact with him so that he gets a feeling that he is not alone.

If there is a chronically ill old person in the house, the entire atmosphere of the house changes. There is tension and grief in the house. Doctor's visits to the house become a routine. The ill person's diet and medicines are strictly followed.

In such times, everybody in the family should contribute in some way and take care of the patient. We can help in bringing medicines. We can sit beside the patient during night time. We should maintain a pleasant atmosphere in the house. We should help the person who is burdened by the duties towards the sick patient, by performing his other tasks.