ICSE Class 9 Answered

 Location: The Tundra region occurs in the North Pole beyond the Arctic Circle. This type of climate is also known as the Arctic or the Polar type.

Area: This type of climate is found in Greenland, Iceland, northern Scandinavia in Europe, Northern Canada and Alaska in North America and Siberia in Asia.

Temperature: At the North Pole, there are six months without daylight in winters and temperature at this time drops down below -35⁰C to -40⁰C. Summers are experienced in three to four months only with temperature rising to 10⁰C only.

Rainfall: Due to the freezing temperature, the rate of evaporation is low and hence rainfall is scanty. Rainfall occurs not in convectional but in cyclonic form. Most of the rain falls in winters and precipitation is generally in the form of snow.

Natural vegetation: As the climatic conditions are cold and harsh, the vegetation cover is scanty and only few plants survive. Trees cannot be found in this region as the temperature does not rise above 10⁰C in the summer months which last only for three months. The common type of vegetation in this region includes sedges, lichens and mosses.

Human Adaption: This region is generally inhabited by the semi nomadic people. These people are known as Eskimos in Alaska, Greenland and northern Canada. They survive by hunting animals like reindeer, polar bear etc., fishing, gathering food etc. Animals are also reared for their fur. In few areas, a variety of wheat with a short maturing period has begun to be cultivated.