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Home / Doubts and Solutions/ICSE/Class 11 Science/Physics

Show that path of charged particle in electric field is parabolic while in magnetic field is circular

 

Asked by Sachinsingh76600 5th September 2019, 8:14 AM
Answered by Expert
Answer:
Force F acting on a charged particle of charge q in electric field E is given by,   F   = (q/m)E
 
( bold letters F and E are vectors )
 
If a charged particle moves in the direction of electric field, Then it is accelerated and  will move in same direction of electric field.
 
But if a charged particle moves in a direction and not in parallel to electric field, it moves in a parabolic path.              
 
 
Let v be the velocity and E be the electric field as shown in figure.
 
Let at t=0,  y-component of velocity be vy0 
 
then vertical displacement y after a time duration t is given by,   y = vy0 t + (1/2) a t2  .................(1)
 
acceleration a = qE/m    and  t = x/vx  , where x is  horizontal displacement , vx component is unaffected by electric field
 
Hence eqn.(1) is written as,   y = vy0 (x/vx)  + (1/2) a (x/vx)2 .......................(2)
 
vertical position y as given by eqn.(1) is in parabolic curve  of type  y = a x + b x2
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Force F experienced by the charge particle of charge q in a magnetic field B is given by,
 
F = q v × B    ...................(3)
 
where v is velocity of charged particle and B is magnetic field. Eqn.(3) is cross product of vectors.
 
Hence magnitude of force |F| = |v| |B| sinθ  , where θ is the angle between magnetic field direction and velocity of charged particle.
 
If charged particle velocity is parallel to magnetic field, force acting on charged particle will be zero.
 
Otherwise, force acting on charged particle is perpendicular to veleocity of particle .
 
Any moving particle subjected to a force in perpendicular direction to its moving direction will move in a circular path
Answered by Expert 5th September 2019, 1:49 PM
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