please explain extraction of metals through roasting and calcination, and refining of metals.
Hi Sunil,
Concentrated ore is converted into metal oxide either by Roasting or Calcination.
Roasting
Process of heating the concentrated ore to a high temperature in the presence of excess air.
Examples:
Calcination
Process of heating the concentrated ore in the absence of air at a temperature not sufficient to melt the ore.
Refining of Impure Metal
- Distillation refining: For refining volatile metals, e.g. zinc, mercury.
- Liquation: For refining metals with low melting points, e.g. lead, tin.
- Oxidation refining: For refining metals by oxidation of their impurities, e.g. iron.
- Electrolytic refining: For refining impure metals by electrolysis, e.g. Cu, Al, Pb.
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