TRIPURA Class 12-science Physics Electric Charges and Fields
Electric Charge
Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.
Charging by contact: Charge is transferred by touch.
Charging by induction and grounding: Charge is often an efficient way of charging a conductor.
Conductors: Allow the easy passage of charges.
Insulators: Resist the passage of charges.Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's law: Electrostatic force ∝ product of charges/distance².Electric Field
Electric field due to a charge q is the force F that a unit positive charge q would experience if placed at that point.
Superposition principle: The net electric field at any point due to the multiple charges is the vector sum of the electric field due to each charge at that point.
The electric field produced by a point charge Q at a pointElectric Flux
Electric flux for a uniform electric field E through an area vector A equals the product of electric field, area of cross-section and cosine of angle between them.
Electric field lines going out of the surface: Positive flux.
Electric field lines going into the closed surface: Negative flux.Electric Dipole
An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite point charges, q and -q, separated by a distance of 2a.Gauss Law
Derive Electric field due to: long uniformly charged wire, large plane sheet of uniform charge and uniformly charged spherical shell.Gold Leaf Electroscope
Charges on an isolated system are always conserved.
Charging due to contact: Transfer of charge from one body to another due to contact.
Gold-leaf electroscope : An apparatus to detect charge on a body.
Quantization: Electric charge is always an integral multiple of an electronic charge.