Class 9 FRANK Solutions Biology Chapter 12 - Interaction Between Biotic and Abiotic Factors in an EcoSystem
Can the climate affect an ecosystem? If so, how? Find out the answers with our Frank Solutions for ICSE Class 9 Biology Chapter 12 - Interaction Between Biotic and Abiotic Factors in an Ecosystem. Learn how to explain the difference between biotic components and abiotic components. Also, learn about secondary producers and primary producers with suitable examples.
With the help of our Frank textbook solutions, you can learn about the importance of atmospheric gases in ecosystems. For further practice of ICSE Class 9 Biology questions and answers, explore our Selina solutions, sample paper solutions and solved previous years’ question papers.
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Interaction Between Biotic and Abiotic Factors in an EcoSystem Exercise 99
Solution 4
Low and high temperatures restrict the growth of plants and existence of animal species. Changes in temperature patterns will impact plant life which in turn will influence the animal life, since animals depend directly or indirectly on it for food. During extreme cold and hot conditions, animals either migrate to favourable places, some may hibernate or some may aestivate.
Solution 5
Consumers which eat only plants are called consumers of the first order. Consumers that eat herbivores like deer, goats, grasshoppers, etc. are called consumers of the second order.
Solution 6
Deserts have scanty water, either because there is little rainfall, or because the water evaporates very fast in deserts. Desert species are adapted to less amounts of water and they are capable of surviving for long periods of time in the scarcity of water. The growth of plants and animals and their vital functions are dependent on water intake. Hence water is a vital limiting factor in deserts due to the scant availability of this important resource.
Solution 7
Solution 8
Solution 9
Vital atmospheric gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
Oxygen availability seldom becomes a limiting factor for land animals unless they live in soil or invade high altitudes. Plants release oxygen into the air which is used by animals for respiration. During respiration, animals release carbon dioxide which is required by plants for photosynthesis. Nitrogen is an essential gas which is vital for the growth and sustenance of organisms.
Oxygen availability seldom becomes a limiting factor for land animals unless they live in soil or invade high altitudes. Plants release oxygen into the air which is used by animals for respiration. During respiration, animals release carbon dioxide which is required by plants for photosynthesis. Nitrogen is an essential gas which is vital for the growth and sustenance of organisms.
Solution 10
In a natural ecosystem, green plants capture solar energy and convert it into chemical forms. The energy is then passed onto herbivores when they feed on green plants. From herbivores, the energy moves into carnivores that eat them. Some animals like lion and vultures are not eaten by other organisms. All the organisms ultimately pass on energy to the decomposers. Energy thus flows continuously through the ecosystem from plant to animals and from prey to predator.
Solution 11
Energy passes through the ecosystem in a one-way path. Energy goes through each trophic level, one at a time. As it goes from one level to another, it is lost due to metabolism and in the form of heat. For example - The energy ingested by producers is used by the producers for carrying out various life activities and some amount of energy is lost as heat, so that the entire energy does not pass completely to the consumers. The energy lost as heat cannot be used anymore.
Solution 12
The transfer of energy from autotrophs through a series of organisms that consume and are consumed is known as a food chain.
Solution 13
The types of food chain are:
(i) Grazing food chain
(ii) Detritus food chain
(iii) Auxiliary food chain
(Write any two)
(i) Grazing food chain
(ii) Detritus food chain
(iii) Auxiliary food chain
(Write any two)
Solution 14
Individual food chains interconnected in a complex way is called food web.
Solution 15
An energy pyramid is a graphical representation of the flow of energy from the producers through the various consumers. It shows the amount of energy available and the loss of useful energy at each step of the food chain in an ecosystem.
Solution 16
As the energy gets transferred from lower trophic level to the higher one, there is a loss of large amount of energy due to metabolism and as heat. As a result very little energy (i.e. 10%) gets transferred to the next level. So the trophic level at the base has maximum energy and that at the top has the least amount of energy. Hence energy pyramid is broader at the base and narrower at the top.
Solution 17
(i) (a) unidirectional
(ii) (d) producers and consumers
(iii) (d) all the above
(iv) (a) photosynthesis
(v) (b) herbivores
(vi) (b) bacteria, fungi, etc.
(vii) (b) Communities and their physical environment
(viii) (d) solar energy
(ix) (d) biotic and abiotic
(x) (d) high temperature and high rain
(ii) (d) producers and consumers
(iii) (d) all the above
(iv) (a) photosynthesis
(v) (b) herbivores
(vi) (b) bacteria, fungi, etc.
(vii) (b) Communities and their physical environment
(viii) (d) solar energy
(ix) (d) biotic and abiotic
(x) (d) high temperature and high rain
Solution 1
Producers
Solution 2
Consumers
Solution 3
The climatic factors affecting ecosystem are sunlight, temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind.
