Class 8 SELINA Solutions Biology Chapter 9: Food Production
Food Production Exercise Objective Type Questions
Solution 1.a
(iii) Sahiwal
Solution 1.b
(iv) Mehsana
Solution 1.c
(iii) Aseel
Solution 1.d
(iv) Wheat
Solution 1.e
(iii) Rice
Solution 2
(a) Cattle feed made from cereals and wheat is called concentrates.
(b) Rearing of birds for eggs and meat is called poultry farming.
(c) Animal food is rich in proteins.
(d) Sweet potato is an example of root crop.
(e) Cereals are rich in carbohydrates and starch.
(f) Pesticides are chemical substances used to destroy pests.
(g) Potato/Tapioca is an example of a tuber crop.
(h) Pig farming is termed as piggery.
Solution 3
| Column A | Column B |
| (a) Rabi crop | (ii) Winter crop |
| (b) Rice crop | (iii) Kharif crop |
| (c) Orchards | (i) Transplantation |
| (d) Apiculture | (vi) Honeybees |
| (e) Sericulture | (viii) Silkworms |
| (f) Pisciculture | (iv) Fishes |
| (g) Livestock | (v) Cows |
| (h) Pet | (vii) Dogs |
Solution 4
(a) Aseel
(b) Apiculture
(c) Mr. Verghese Kurien
(d) Kashmiri Pashmina
(e) M. S. Swaminathan
Food Production Exercise Short Answer Questions
Solution 1
(a) Apis indica
(b) Lactobacillus acidophilus / Lactobacillus bulgaricus
(c) Rhizobium sp.
Solution 2
(a) Goat, Sheep, Pig, Hen
(b) Dangi, Tharparkar
(c) Cows, Goats
(d) Gir, Sahiwal
(e) Bombay Duck, Eel, Hilsa, Salmon
(f) Murrah, Surti
(g) White leghorn, Rhode Island Red
(h) Jersey, Brown Swiss
(i) Desi and Ghori
Solution 3
(a) Microbes: The microscopic or tiny organisms, which cannot be observed by the naked eye are called microbes. Bacteria, viruses and fungi are examples of microbes.
(b) Agriculture: Agriculture is defined as the science of growing plants and other crops as well as the rearing of animals for food and for other human needs.
(c) Horticulture: Horticulture is the branch of agriculture which deals with cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, mushrooms, algae, medicinal and ornamental plants.
(d) Poultry farming: Poultry farming is the process of raising domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese for the purpose of obtaining meat or eggs for food.
(e) Mariculture: The branch of aquaculture which involves rearing of marine organisms in an enclosed section of the ocean, or in tanks or ponds filled with sea water is called mariculture.
Solution 4
Rice is the most important cereal plant of kharif crops.
Solution 5
White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) are edible mushrooms.
Solution 6
The two main crop seasons of India are:
1. Kharif season — Kharif crops (means "autumn crops") are raised in the rainy season (June to October). Rice, maize, and cotton are kharif crops.
2. Rabi season — Rabi crops (means "winter crops") are raised in the winters (October to March). Wheat, barley, and mustard are rabi crops.
Solution 7
Organic farming is the practice of raising crops without using synthetic fertilisers and pesticides.
The main aim of organic farming is to enhance soil fertility, grow crops in an ecofriendly environment, free from chemical pollution (pesticides) and thus produce crops with high nutritional value.
Food Production Exercise Long Answer Questions
Solution 1
(a) Differences between Eggers (or Layers) and Broilers:
| Eggers (or Layers) | Broilers |
| · The egg laying chickens are called eggers or layers. | · Chickens reared for obtaining meat are called broilers. |
| · Eggers need food rich in vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients. | · Broilers require food rich in proteins, fats and vitamin A and K. |
| · Eggers require enough space and adequate lighting for proper growth. | · Broilers require conditions to grow fast with low mortality. |
(b) Differences between Food crops and Cash crops:
| Food crops | Cash crops |
| · Food crops are cultivated for the production of food. | · Cash crops are cultivated for commercial purposes. |
| · Examples — Cereals, Pulses | · Examples — Tea, Rubber |
(c) Differences between Green revolution and White revolution:
| Green revolution | White revolution |
| · The Green Revolution involved the development and application of high-yielding crop varieties, enhanced irrigation, and the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides to increase agricultural productivity. | · The White Revolution focused primarily on milk production, aiming to increase dairy yield and improve rural livelihoods through cooperative milk unions and dairy farming advancements. |
| · Father of Green Revolution in India was M.S. Swaminathan. | · Father of White revolution in India was Verghese Kurien. |
(d) Differences between Milch animals and Draught animals:
| Milch animals | Draught animals |
| · Animals reared for the purpose of milk production are called milch animals. | · Animals whose males are used for transportation, ploughing and drawing bullock carts are called draught animals. |
| · Example: Cow, Buffalo | · Example: Ox, Camel, Horse |
(e) Differences between Kharif crops and Rabi crops:
| Kharif crops | Rabi crops |
| · Kharif crops are sown in early May – usually at the beginning of the first monsoon rains. | · Rabi crops are sown around mid-November, preferably after the monsoon rains. |
| · They are known as autumn crops. | · They are known as winter crops. |
| · Example: Rice | · Example: Wheat |
Solution 2
(a) Animal Husbandry: The branch of biology which deals with feeding, shelter, caring and breeding of domesticated animals is called animal husbandry.
(b) Sericulture: The technique of artificial rearing of silkworm for production of silk is called sericulture.
(c) Aquaculture: Aquaculture is the term used for production or farming of useful aquatic animals like fish, prawns, lobsters, and molluscs in various types of water bodies.
(d) Hatcheries: A hatchery is a facility where eggs are hatched under artificial conditions, especially those of fish or poultry.
(e) Pisciculture: Pisciculture is the production and management of fishes. It involves breeding and raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures mainly for food.
Solution 3
Uses of bacteria in the food industry:
· Bacteria are used in making curd, cheese, alcohol, wine, and vinegar.
· Curing of tea is done with the help of bacteria.
· Bacteria are used in agriculture to enrich the soil with nitrates.
· Certain types of bacteria living in our intestine, synthesise certain ‘B’ vitamins.
Solution 4
Following are the benefits of "Green Revolution" in our country:
· The Green Revolution enabled the agriculture industry to produce much larger quantities of food grains making it possible to feed the growing population of the country.
· It made the country self-sufficient in wheat production.
· It improved the economic condition of the farmers.
· It enabled the agriculture industry to give employment to a large section of India's population.
Following are the benefits of "White Revolution" in our country:
· White Revolution resulted in India becoming the largest producer of milk and milk products in the world.
· It strengthened the dairy farmer’s income.
· It ensured easy availability of milk at a fair price to all.
Solution 5
Life cycle of a silk moth:
(a) Egg ® Larva ® Pupa ® Adult
(b) Larva ® Caterpillar; Pupa ® Chrysalis.
(c) Reeling
(d) Mulberry
(e) Silk fibres can be made by using the threads from the cocoons.
Solution 6
Internal structure of yeast:
(a) Kingdom Fungi
(b) Unicellular
(c) Heterotrophic (saprotrophic) nutrition.
(d) Yeast can grow successfully in moist and warm conditions in the presence of sugar. They readily grow in all kinds of sugary solutions, grapes, in the nectar of flowers, sugarcane juice, etc.
(e) Yeast is a source of vitamin B and vitamin E.
(f) Economic importance of yeasts:
· Yeast is used in breweries to produce alcohol by fermentation of sugar.
· Yeast is used in bakeries to prepare bread.
· Yeast is also used in the manufacture of vitamins and proteins.
Solution 7
Internal structure of bacteria:
(a) Kingdom Monera
(b) Prokaryotes
(c) Bacteria can be classified into four types based on their shape:
1. Coccus (round shaped)
2. Bacillus (rod shaped)
3. Spirillum (spiral shaped)
4. Vibrio (comma shaped)
(d) Slime capsule
(e) Four suitable conditions required for the growth and development of bacteria:
1. Availability of adequate water
2. Appropriate food supply
3. Suitable temperature
4. Sufficient air
(f) Two kinds of respiration which can take place in bacteria:
1. Aerobic respiration
2. Anaerobic respiration
(g) Flagellum