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Class 10 SELINA Solutions Maths Chapter 5 - Quadratic Equations

Quadratic Equations Exercise TEST YOURSELF

Solution 1(a)

Correct Option: (ii) –4

Consider (3x – 5)(x + 3)

= 3x2 – 5x + 9x – 15

= 3x2 + 4x – 15

Now, 3x2 – kx – 15 = (3x – 5)(x + 3)

That is 3x2 – kx – 15 = 3x2 + 4x – 15

Therefore, –k = 4 k = 4

Solution 1(b)

Correct Option: (ii) 4

For a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, the roots are real and equal if b2 – 4ac = 0.

For kx2 + kx + 1 = 0,

a = k, b = k and c = 1

Now, b2 – 4ac = 0

k2 – 4(k)(1) = 0

k2 – 4k = 0

k(k – 4) = 0

k = 0 or k – 4 = 0 k = 4

But for k = 0, the given equation is not satisfied.

Hence, k = 4

(k = 4 is obtained by considering the roots of the equation as real and equal and NOT real and distinct)

Solution 1(c)

Correct Option: (iii) 5 or –1

x2 – 4x = 5

x2 – 4x – 5 = 0

x2 – 5x + x – 5 = 0

x(x – 5) + 1(x – 5) = 0

(x – 5)(x + 1) = 0

x = 5 or x = –1

Solution 1(d)

Correct Option: (iv) 0 or 7

x2 – 7x = 0

x(x – 7) = 0

x = 0 or x – 7 = 0

x = 0 or x = 7

Solution 1(e)

Correct Option: (i) 1

Substituting x = 1 in ,

Solution 2

Given   i.e

So, the given quadratic equation becomes

Hence, the values of x are   and .

Solution 3

(iii) 

(iv)


(v) 

(vi)

 

(vii)

(viii)

Solution 4

Solution 5

Given quadratic equation is

(i) When  the equation   has no roots

(ii) When  the roots of   are

 or

Solution 6

Given quadratic equation is

Using quadratic formula,

x = a + 1 or x = -a - 2 = -(a + 2)

 

Solution 7

Given quadratic equation is

Since, m and n are roots of the equation, we have

  and

Hence,  .

Solution 8

Given quadratic equation is   …. (i)

One of the roots of (i) is  , so it satisfies (i)

So, the equation (i) becomes

Hence, the other root is .

Solution 9

Given quadratic equation is   …. (i)

One of the roots of (i) is -3, so it satisfies (i)

Hence, the other root is 2a.

Solution 10

Given quadratic equation is  ….. (i)

Also, given  and

  and

So, the equation (i) becomes

Hence, the solution of given quadratic equation are   and .

Solution 11

Given quadratic equation is  …. (i)

The quadratic equation has equal roots if its discriminant is zero

When  , equation (i) becomes

When  , equation (i) becomes

 x =

Solution 12

Solution 13



Solution 14

Consider the given equation:

 

 

Solution 15

Given quadratic equation is  …. (i)

The quadratic equation has real roots if its discriminant is greater than or equal to zero

Hence, the given quadratic equation has real roots for .

Solution 16

(i) Given quadratic equation is

D = b2 - 4ac =  = 25 - 24 = 1

Since D > 0, the roots of the given quadratic equation are real and distinct.

Using quadratic formula, we have

  or

(ii) Given quadratic equation is

D = b2 - 4ac =  = 16 - 20 = - 4

Since D < 0, the roots of the given quadratic equation does not exist.

Solution 17

Since, -2 is a root of the equation 3x2 + 7x + p = 1.

⇒ 3(-2)2 + 7(-2) + p = 1

⇒ 12 - 14 + p = 1

⇒ p = 3

The quadratic equation is x2 + k(4x + k - 1) + p = 0

i.e. x2 + 4kx + k2 - k + 3 = 0

Comparing equation x2 + 4kx + k2 - k + 3 = 0 with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get

a = 1, b = 4k and c = k2 - k + 3

Since, the roots are equal.

⇒ b2 - 4ac = 0

⇒ (4k)2 - 4(k2 - k + 3) = 0

⇒ 16k2 - 4k2 + 4k - 12 = 0

⇒ 12k2 + 4k - 12 = 0

⇒ 3k2 + k - 3 = 0

By quadratic formula, we have

  

  

Quadratic Equations Exercise Ex. 5(A)

Solution 2(i)

5x2 - 8x = -3(7 - 2x)

5x2 - 8x = 6x - 21

5x2 - 14x + 21 =0; which is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

Given equation is a quadratic equation.

 

Solution 2(ii)

(x - 4)(3x + 1) = (3x - 1)(x +2)

3x2 + x - 12x - 4 = 3x2 + 6x - x - 2

16x + 2 =0; which is not of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

Given equation is not a quadratic equation. 

Solution 2(iii)

7x3 - 2x2 + 10 = (2x - 5)2

7x3 - 2x2 + 10 = 4x2 - 20x + 25

7x3 - 6x2 + 20x - 15 = 0; which is not of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

Given equation is not a quadratic equation.

 

Solution 3(i)

x2 - 2x - 15 = 0

For x = 5 to be solution of the given quadratic equation it should satisfy the equation.

So, substituting x = 5 in the given equation, we get

L.H.S = (5)2 - 2(5) - 15

 = 25 - 10 - 15

 = 0

 = R.H.S

Hence, x = 5 is a solution of the quadratic equation x2 - 2x - 15 = 0. 

Solution 3(ii)

2x2 - 7x + 9 = 0

For x = -3 to be solution of the given quadratic equation it should satisfy the equation

So, substituting x = 5 in the given equation, we get

L.H.S=2(-3)2 - 7(-3) + 9

 = 18 + 21 + 9    

 = 48 

  R.H.S

Hence, x = -3 is not a solution of the quadratic equation 2x2 - 7x + 9 = 0. 

Solution 4

For x =   to be solution of the given quadratic equation it should satisfy the equation

So, substituting x =   in the given equation, we get

Solution 5

For x =   and x = 1 to be solutions of the given quadratic equation it should satisfy the equation

So, substituting x =   and x = 1 in the given equation, we get

Solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously,

Solution 1(b)

Correct Option: (iii) 3 or –5

(x – 3)(x + 5) = 0

(x – 3) = 0 or (x + 5) = 0

x = 3 or x = –5

Solution 1(c)

Correct Option: (ii) –3

Substituting x = 4 in equation x2 + kx – 4 = 0,

(4)2 + k(4) – 4 = 0

16 + 4k – 4 = 0

4k + 12 = 0

4k = –12

k =  –3

Solution 1(d)

Correct Option: (i) –2

Substituting x = 2 in equation 2x2 – 3x + k = 0,

2(2)2 – 3(2) + k = 0

8 – 6 + k = 0

2 + k = 0

k = –2

Solution 1(e)

Correct Option: (iv) 0 or 7

x2 – 7x = 0

x(x – 7) = 0

x = 0 or x – 7 = 0

x = 0 or x = 7

Solution 1(a)

Correct Option: (iv)

4x2 – 9 = 0

4x2 = 9

Quadratic Equations Exercise Ex. 5(B)

Solution 2

Solution 3

Solution 4

Solution 5

Solution 6

Solution 7

Solution 8

Solution 9

Solution 10

Solution 11

Solution 12

Solution 13

Solution 14

Solution 15

Solution 16(i)

Solution 16(ii)

Solution 17

If a + 7 =0, then a = -7

and b + 10 =0, then b = - 10

 

Put these values of a and b in the given equation

Solution 18

4(2x+3)2 - (2x+3) - 14 =0

Put 2x+3 = y

Solution 19

 


or x = -(a + b)

Solution 20

Solution 1(a)

Correct Option: (iii) –1 or 7

x2 – 6x – 7 = 0

x2 – 7x + x – 7 = 0

x(x – 7) + (x – 7) = 0

(x – 7)(x + 1) = 0

x = 7 or x = –1

Solution 1(b)

Correct Option: (ii) –6 or –2

x(x + 8) + 12 = 0

x2 + 8x + 12 = 0

x2 + 6x + 2x + 12 = 0

x(x + 6) + 2(x + 6) = 0

(x + 6)(x + 2) = 0

x = –6 or x = –2

Solution 1(c)

Correct Option: (ii) 2

Substituting x = 2 in equation (p – 3)x2 + x + p = 0 is 2,

(p – 3)22 + 2 + p = 0

4p – 12 + 2 + p = 0

5p – 10 = 0

p = 2

Solution 1(d)

Correct Option: (iii) 2 or ½

x2 + 1 = 2.5x

x2 – 2.5x + 1 = 0

x2 – 2x – 0.5x + 1 = 0

x(x – 2) – 0.5(x – 2) = 0

(x – 2)(x – 0.5) = 0

x = 2 or x = 0.5 = ½

Solution 1(e)

Correct Option: (i) x ≠ 0

If x = 0, the term  in the equation will be undefined.

Hence, for a quadratic equation , x ≠ 0.

Quadratic Equations Exercise Ex. 5(C)

Solution 2


Solution 3(i)

Solution 3(ii)



Solution 3(iii)

4x2 - 5x - 3 = 0

Here, a = 4, b = -5 and c = -3

  

Solution 4

Solution 5

Solution 6

Consider the given equation:

 

 

Solution 7

Solution 1(a)

Correct Option: (ii) 2.0 or 1.0

x2 – 3x + 2 = 0

Then, a = 1, b = –3, c = 2

Solution 1(b)

Correct Option: (i) 5.00 or 1.00

x2 – 4x – 5 = 0

Then, a = 1, b = –4, c = –5

Solution 1(c)

Correct Option: (ii) 9 or 1

x2 – 8x – 9 = 0

Then, a = 1, b = –8, c = –9

Solution 1(d)

Correct Option: (iii) 3.0 or 1.0

x2 – 2x – 3 = 0

Then, a = 1, b = –2, c = –3

Solution 1(e)

Correct Option: (i) 8 or –2

x2 – 6x – 16 = 0

Then, a = 1, b = –6, c = –16

Quadratic Equations Exercise Ex. 5(D)

Solution 2


 


Solution 3

Solution 4

Solution 5

Solution 6

Solution 1(a)

Correct Option: (i) distinct and real roots

2x2 – 3x + 1 = 0

Here, a = 2, b = –3, c = 1

b2 – 4ac = (–3)2 – 4(2)(1) = 9 – 8 = 1 > 0

Hence, the roots are distinct and real.

Solution 1(b)

Correct Option: (i) x2 – 5x + 6 = 0

For a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, the roots are real and distinct if b2 – 4ac > 0.

For, x2 – 5x + 6 = 0

a = 1, b = –5, c = 6

b2 – 4ac = (–5)2 – 4(1)(6) = 25 – 24 = 1 > 0

Hence, the roots are distinct and real.

Solution 1(c)

Correct Option: (iv) 4 or –4

For, x2 – px + 4 = 0, the roots are equal.

Then, b2 – 4ac = 0

Here, a = 1, b = –p, c = 4

b2 – 4ac = 0

(–p)2 – 4(1)(4) = 0

p2 – 16 = 0

p2 = 16

p = ±4

Solution 1(d)

Correct Option: (ii) 2x2 – 5x + 9 = 0

For a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, the roots are imaginary if b2 – 4ac < 0.

For, 2x2 – 5x + 9 = 0

a = 2, b = –5, c = 9

b2 – 4ac = (–5)2 – 4(2)(9) = –47 < 0

Hence, the roots are imaginary.

Solution 1(e)

Correct Option: (i) 7

Substituting x = 1 in equation 3x2 – mx + 4 = 0,

3(1)2 – m(1) + 4 = 0

3 – m + 4 = 0

m = 7

Quadratic Equations Exercise Ex. 5(E)

Solution 1(a)

Correct Option: (ii) ±1 or ±2

x4 – 5x2 + 4 = 0

Let x2 = y

Then,

y2 – 5y + 4 = 0

y2 – 4y – y + 4 = 0

y(y – 4) – 1(y – 4) = 0

(y – 4)(y – 1) = 0

y = 4 or y = 1

x2 = 4 or x2 = 1

x = ±2 or x = ±1

Solution 1(b)

Correct Option: (ii) 10

20x – 50 = 3x2 – 15x

3x2 – 35x + 50 = 0

3x2 – 30x – 5x + 50 = 0

3x(x – 10) – 5(x – 10) = 0

(x – 10)(3x – 5) = 0

x = 10 or

Solution 1(c)

Correct Option: (iii) x ≠ 3 and x ≠ –5

Here, x – 3 ≠ 0 and x + 5 ≠ 0

x ≠ 3 and x ≠ –5

Solution 1(d)

Correct Option: (i) –2 and 9 or –9 and 2

Since the product is negative, one integer should be negative.

From the given options, option (i) satisfies the condition.

Hence, the two integers are –2 and 9 or –9 and 2.

Solution 2

Solution 3

Solution 4 (i)

Solution 4 (ii)

(x2 - 3x)2  - 16(x2 - 3x) - 36 = 0

Let x2 - 3x = y

Then y2 - 16y - 36 = 0

y2 - 18y + 2y - 36 = 0

y(y - 18) + 2(y - 18) = 0

(y - 18) (y + 2) = 0

If y - 18 = 0 or y + 2 = 0

x2 - 3x - 18 = 0 or x2 - 3x + 2 = 0

x2 - 6x + 3x - 18 = 0 or  x2  - 2x - x + 2 = 0

x(x - 6) +3(x - 6) = 0 or  x(x - 2) -1(x - 2) = 0

(x - 6) (x + 3) = 0 or (x - 2) (x - 1) = 0

If x - 6 = 0 or x + 3 = 0 or  x - 2 = 0 or  x - 1 = 0

then x = 6 or  x = -3 or  x = 2 or  x = 1

Solution 5

 

Solution 6

Solution 7

Solution 8

Solution 9

Solution 10

Solution 11

  

∴ Given equation reduces to

  

⇒ 2y2 - 3 = 5y

⇒ 2y2 - 5y - 3 = 0

⇒ 2y2 - 6y + y - 3 = 0

⇒ 2y(y - 3) + 1(y - 3) = 0

⇒ (y - 3)(2y + 1) = 0

⇒ y = 3 and   

When, y = 3

  

⇒ 2x - 1 = 3x + 9

⇒ x = -10

When,   

  

⇒ 4x - 2 = -x - 3

  

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