Chemistry Formulae

Formulae

STOICHIOMETRY

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Density:

 

 Mole-mole analysis:

Concentration terms:
Molarity (M):


Molality (m):


Mole fraction (x):


X1+X2=1

% Calculation:


Average/Mean atomic mass:


Mean molar mass or molecular mass:

Calculation of individual oxidation number:

Formula: Oxidation Number=Number of electrons in the valence shell-number of electrons left after bonding

Concept of Equivalent weight/Mass:
For elements, equivalent weight (E) = 
For acid/base, 
Where M=Molar mass 

(v. f. = valency factor)
Concept of number of equivalents:


No. of equivalents of solute= No. of moles of solute × v.f

Normality (N):

Normality=Molarity × v.f

Calculation of valency Factor:
n-factor of acid = basicity = no. of H⁺ ion(s) furnished per molecule of the acid.
n-factor of base = acidity = no. of OH^-. ion(s) furnished by the base per molecule.

At equivalence point:
N₁V₁ = N₂V₂
n₁M₁V₁ = n₂M₂V₂

Volume strength of H₂O₂:

20V H₂O₂ means one litre of this sample of H₂O₂ on decomposition gives 20 lt. of O₂ gas at S.T.P.

Measurement of Hardness:


Calculation of available chlorine from a sample of bleaching powder:

  Where x= molarity of hypo solution and v=mL. of hypo solution used in titration.