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Class 9 MAHARASHTRA STATE TEXTBOOK BUREAU Solutions Social Studies Chapter 3: India’s Internal Challenges

India’s Internal Challenges Exercise 14

Solution 1(1)

The following demands were put forward through the 'Anandpur Sahib resolution' by the Akali Dal:

  • Chandigarh should be made a part of Punjab
  • Inclusion of Punjabi speaking parts of the country in the state of Punjab
  • Increase in the recruitment of Punjabis in Indian army
  • More autonomy to the state of Punjab
  • Large share of river waters for Punjab
  • Status of holy city to 'Amritsar

Solution 1(2)

We can do the following to end communalism:

  • India presents an example of unity in diversity. We should respect the religious sentiments and traditions of other religions and should solve our social and economic problems rationally
  • We should not consider only our religion as supreme and other religions as inferior.
  • Trust between people is the basis of coexistence. In the absence of trust, there will not be any social and national unity.
  • Religion should not be mixed with politics. It is important to put an end to communalism and strengthen our national unity.

Solution 1(3)

Regionalism refers to having excessive pride about one's religion. It becomes strong under the following conditions:

  • After independence, some states were able to progress economically while some states lacked behind.
  • States which are economically prosperous are also able to achieve progress in other areas like education and health.
  • States which are not able prosper also lagged in education, health and civic amenities.
  • They face the problems of unemployment, and poverty.
  • Backward states think that they are being cheated and are being kept away from the benefits of development.
  • The developed states begin to look down upon the underdeveloped states. They are also not willing to share the benefits of development with other states.

Solution 2

  1. Communalism
    • Communalism emerges out of narrow religious pride. In pre- independent period, people belonging to various religions were living harmoniously since several centuries.
    • The seeds of communalism were sowed by the British in the modern period when they followed the policy of 'Divide and Rule'.
    • When people consider their religion as supreme and the other religion as inferior and take excessive pride in their religion, it leads to bigotry or religious fanaticism.
  2. Regionalism
    • Regionalism refers to having excessive pride about one's religion. If a person thinks that he/she is superior to the person of another state, it is known as regionalism.
    • Regionalism thrives on regional imbalance in development.
    • Regionalism endanger national unity. The economically developed states look down upon the underdeveloped states. They are also not willing to share the benefits of development with other states.

Solution 3 (1)

Operation Blue Star was carried out to evict terrorists from the Golden temple. During the 1980's the Sikhs in Punjab started to demand the creation of an independent state of Khalistan. This movement soon became violent. In 1984, terrorists had occupied the Golden Temple at Amritsar. The army then carried out the 'Operation Blue Star' to evict the terrorists.

Solution 3(2)

Communalism emerges out of narrow religious pride. It leads to riots and disrupts the national unity. We should not mix these issues with religion. It is necessary that we all counter religious communalism with all our strength.

Solution 4(1)

Mizo National Front

Solution 4(2)

Naga National Council

Solution 4(3)

People's Liberation Guerilla Army

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