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Class 9 MAHARASHTRA STATE TEXTBOOK BUREAU Solutions Social Studies Chapter 2: India : Events after 1960

India : Events after 1960 Exercise 9

Solution 1(A) (1)

a. Rajiv Gandhi

Solution 1(A) (2)

c. M.S. Swaminathan

Solution 1(B)

Chandrashekhar- Mandal Commission

Solution 2(A)

  1. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru -1947 to 1964
  2. Lai Bahadur Shastri -1964 to 1966
  3. Indira Gandhi -1966 to 1977
  4. Morarji Desai -1977 to 1979
  5. Charan Singh -1979 to 1980
  6. Indira Gandhi -1980 to 1984
  7. Rajiv Gandhi -1984 to 1989
  8. Vishwanath Pratap Singh - 1989 to 1990
  9. Chandra Shekhar -1990 to 1991
  10. P. V. Narasimha Rao -1991 to 1996
  11. Atal Bihari Vajpayee -1996
  12. H.D. Deve Gowda -1996 to 1997
  13. Inder Kumar Gujral -1997 to 1998
  14. Atal Bihari Vajpayee - 1998 to 2004

Solution 2(B)

  1. Globalisation
    • Globalisation is the free movement of goods, services and people across the world.
    • It occurred because of opening of the economies of countries and an increase in trade between nations.
    • In India, the Narsimharao government initiated economic reforms in 1991. These reforms paved the way to economic liberalization paving the way to globalization.
  2. White Revolution
    • The White Revolution was started by Dr. Verghese Kurien.
    • He led the experiment in co-operative dairy movement in India.
    • It led to an increase of milk production in India.

Solution 3(1)

On the backdrop of the emergency, many opposition parties came together and formed a party called the Janata Party. Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister, but under his leadership the Janata Party government couldn't last long due to internal differences. Hence, the Morarji Desai government lasted for short while.

Solution 3(2)

  • During the 1980's the Sikhs in Punjab started to demand the creation of an independent state of Khalistan. This movement soon became violent.
  • In 1984, terrorists had occupied the Golden Temple at Amritsar.
  • The army had to be sent into the temple to evict the terrorists.

Solution 3 (3)

  • After independence, India wanted to acquire modernity and self-reliance by establishing industries.
  • She also wanted to establish an economy based on social justice through planning.
  • Thus, National Planning Commission was established to coordinate development through the policy of Five Year Plan.

Solution 4 (1)

  • 1991 was a year of important changes in the history of the world and India.
  • The Soviet Union disintegrated into several different small countries and the Cold War came to an end. USA emerged as a single superpower.
  • In India, the government under the leadership of Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao initiated many changes in the Indian economy. He implemented the policies of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
  • The Indian IT industry also grew at a major pace bringing invaluable foreign exchange into the country.

Solution 4 (2)

  • The Indian economy is of mixed type. It has adopted both capitalist and socialist principles.
  • While some industries are controlled by the private individuals, some are controlled by the government.
  • Right from independence, the modernisation of economy, economic self-sufficiency and social justice have been the characteristics of Indian economy.
  • The National Planning Commission was established to coordinate development through the policy of Five-Year Plans.

Solution 5

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