CBSE Class 12-science Answered

Hi Jaskamal,

Principles of biotechnology are as follows:

• Genetic engineering includes techniques to alter the nature of genetic material, DNA and RNA to introduce these into the host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.
• Chemical engineering involves maintenance of sterile microbial contamination-free condition in chemical engineering processes to have growth of only the desired microorganism/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products such as antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, medicines and hormones.