Class 10 FRANK Solutions Chemistry Chapter 4 - Analytical Chemistry

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Analytical Chemistry Exercise 85

Solution 1

(a) Cuprous salts = Colourless
(b) Cupric salts = Blue
(c) Aluminium salts = Colourless
(d) Ferrous salts= Light green
(e) Ferric salts = Yellow
(f) Calcium salts = Colourless

Solution 2

Solution 3

Solution 4

K₂SO₄.

Solution 5

Solution 6

Solution 7

Solution 8

Solution 9

Examples of amphoteric hydroxides are: Zn(OH)₂, Al(OH)₃.

Solution 10

Solution 11

Analytical Chemistry Exercise 86

Solution 12

Solution 13

The chloride of a metal which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide is zinc chloride i.e. ZnCl₂.

Solution 14

Solution 15

(a) PbO
(b) Al₂O₃
(c) Na₂ZnO₂

Solution 16

(a) transition, Cr³⁺, Fe²⁺, MnO₄^4-.
(b) Zn(OH)₂
(c) NH₄Cl
(d) Al₂O₃, Al
(e) NH₄OH

Solution 17

(i) Green

(ii)

(iii) Colourless

(iv) H₂

(v) Copper(II) salts

Analytical Chemistry Exercise 87

Solution 1992-1

(a) Addition of KCN
(b) Addition of excess of NaOH.
(c) Addition of excess of NH₄OH.

Solution 1993-1

Solution 1995-1

(a) The metal ion present in solution A is Pb²⁺.
(b) The cation present in solution B is Cu²⁺. The probable colour of solution B is blue.

Solution 1996-1

Solution 1996-2

The solutions for the tests will be prepared by dissolving the given powders separately in water.
(i) Solution of Calcium carbonate:
Calcium carbonate is CaCO₃ and contains Ca²⁺ ions. Sodium hydroxide solution NaOH can be used to identify Ca²⁺since its addition to calcium carbonate solution will give white precipitates of Ca(OH)₂ which are sparingly soluble in excess of NaOH.
(ii) Solution of Lead carbonate:
Lead carbonate is PbCO₃ and contains Pb²⁺ ions. Ammonium hydroxide solution NH₄OH can be used to identify Pb²⁺ since its addition to lead carbonate solution will give white precipitates of Pb(OH)₂ which are insoluble in excess of NH₄OH.
(iii) Solution of Zinc carbonate:
Zinc carbonate is ZnCO₃ and contains Zn²⁺ ions. Sodium hydroxide solution NaOH can be used to identify Zn²⁺ since its addition to zinc carbonate solution will give white gelatinous precipitates of Zn(OH)₂ which are soluble in excess of NaOH.

Solution 1996-3

Solution 1997-1

Solution 1998-1

Analytical Chemistry Exercise 88

Solution 1999-1

Solution 2000-1

Solution 2001-1

Solution 2003-1

Solution 2003-2

Analytical Chemistry Exercise 89

Solution 2004-1

Solution 2005-1

(i) B and E (Iron (II) sulphate and Magnesium sulphate)
(ii) C and F (Iron (III) chloride and Zinc chloride)
(iii) D (Lead nitrate)
(iv) A (Copper nitrate)
(v) F (Zinc chloride)

Solution 2006-1

Analytical Chemistry Exercise 90

Solution 2009-1

C ( Aluminium oxide)

Solution 2009-2

(i) P is Ferric chloride
(ii) Q is an ammonium salt
(iii) R is ferrous sulphate

Solution 2009-3

(i) When BaCl₂ solution is added to the given solution ZnSO4 gives a white precipitate while no precipitate is obtained with ZnCl₂ solution.
(ii) When NaOH solution is added to the given solution, iron (II) chloride gives dirty green precipitate while reddish brown precipitate is obtained with iron(III) chloride.

Solution 2010-1

(i) Ammonia

(ii) Alkaline

(iii) Ammonium

(iv) Hydroxyl

(v) Dirty green

Solution 2010-2

Solution 2011-1

(i) Lead

(ii) Hydrogen sulphide

Analytical Chemistry Exercise 91

Solution 2013-1

(i) (a) When NH₄OH is added to copper (II) nitrate solution in small quantities, a pale blue precipitate is observed.

(b) When added in excess, NH₄OH dissolves to give an inky blue solution forming a complex salt.

(ii) (a) When NH₄OH is added to zinc nitrate solution in minimum quantity, it forms a gelatinous white precipitate.

(b) When added in excess, it dissolves to form a complex salt.

Solution 2014-1

(i) Iron (II):

Iron (III):

(ii) Pb(NO₃)₂+2 NH₄OH → Pb(OH)₂+2NH₄NO₃

On adding excess of NH₄OH, chalky white ppt. of

insoluble Pb(OH)₂ is formed.

ZnSO₄+ 2NH₄OH → Zn(OH)₂+ (NH₄)₂SO₄

With excess of NH₄OH, white gelatinous ppt. of soluble Zn(OH)₂ is formed.

Solution 2016-1

i) When NH₄OH is added to copper sulphate solution drop-wise, a pale blue ppt. is obtained.

CuSO₄ + 2NH₄OH → Cu(OH)₂ + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 4H₂O

With excess of NH₄OH, the ppt. dissolves to give a deep blue solution of tetra amine copper (II) sulphate.

Cu(OH)₂ + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + NH₄OH → [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄ + H₂O

ii) When NH₄OH is added to zinc sulphate solution drop-wise, a white, gelatinous ppt. is obtained.

ZnSO₄ + 2NH₄OH → Zn(OH)₂ + (NH₄)₂SO₄

With an excess of NH₄OH, the ppt. dissolves to give a colourless solution of tetra amine zinc (II) sulphate.

Zn(OH)₂ + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2NH₄OH → [Zn(NH₃)₄]SO₄ + 4H₂O

Solution 2017-1

Potassium sulphite on reacting with hydrochloric acid releases sulphur dioxide.

Solution 2017-2

Copper chloride