FRANK Solutions for Class 10 Biology Chapter 3 - Principles of Genetics
Learn from TopperLearning’s Frank Solutions for ICSE Class 10 Biology Chapter 3 Principles of Genetics. Revise the definitions and understand terms such as allele, phenotype, dominant, heterozygous etc. with our textbook solutions. Find out how Mendel discovered independent assortment in the chapter solutions prepared by our Science expert.
Also, learn about monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross in this chapter. Other than ICSE Class 10 Biology Frank Solutions, you can check our Selina Solutions, previous years’ paper solutions and Biology sample paper solutions.
Chapter 3 - Principles of Genetics 35
(ii) Phenotype - The physical or external and observable expression of a character is called phenotype.
(iii) Homozygous - Diploid condition where both the alleles are identical is called homozygous.
(iv) Heterozygous - Diploid condition where both the alleles are different is called heterozygous.
(v) Allele - Alternative forms of the same gene which determine contrasting characters is called an allele.
(vi) Dominant - An allele which expresses itself externally when present in homozygous or heterozygous conditions.
(vi) Recessive - An allele which expresses itself externally when present in homozygous condition but remains suppressed in heterozygous condition.
(a) Law of Dominance
(b) Law of Segregation
(c) Law of Independent Assortment
Based on dihybrid ratio of 9:3:3:1 in F2 generation, Mendel observed that when a plant with two dominant alleles was crossed with another having the corresponding recessive alleles it was possible to obtain new combinations of characters where a plant had one dominant and the other recessive allele. These were new recombinations were not present in either parent or F1 generation.
Chapter 3 - Principles of Genetics 36
(ii) Sex chromosomes - The chromosomes which determine the sex of an individual are called sex chromosomes.
(iii) Sex-linked characters - Such characters or traits that are controlled by genes occurring on sex chromosomes are called sex linked characters.
Cause of Colour Blindness - Colour blindness is the effect of a recessive gene. In case of female, both the X chromosomes must have the recessive gene but as males have only one X chromosome, just a single affected chromosome causes colour blindness.
(i) Dominant and recessive characters can be found.
(ii) A hybrid with desired characters can be produced easily.
(iii) Crops can be improved.
(iv) Pure recessive characters can be used where needed.
(v) Genotypes and phenotypes of next generation can be predicted even before cross is made.
(i) Incomplete Dominance - In few cases, F1 generation has an intermediate phenotype between dominant and recessive alleles.
(ii) Linkage - Genes on the same chromosomes are said to be linked and are inherited together.
(iii) Multiple Allelism - Each character may have more than two alleles which can't be explained by Mendel's laws.
Chapter 3 - Principles of Genetics 37
(ii) 3 daughters and two sons.
(iii) Child 1 is color blind.
(iv) All daughters from 2-5 are carriers while all the sons are normal.
(v) X chromosome.
(vi) Haemophilia.
(ii) (d) 100%
(iii) (c) 7
(iv) (d) Mendel
(v) (a) dominant
(vi) (c) Law of Independent Assortment
(vii) (a) alleles
(viii) (b) heterozygous
(ix) (a) dihybrid cross
(x) (a) Czechoslovakia
(xi) (c) X and Y
(xii) (a) X chromosome
(xiii) (b) autosomes
(xiv) (b) one X chromosome
(xv) (b) X chromosomes in male
(xvi) (c) 50%
(xvii) (c) sons are colour blind and daughters are carriers
(xviii) (b) daughter
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