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CBSE Class 10 Answered

What is charge?
Asked by susmitha182 | 19 Jan, 2021, 06:11: PM
answered-by-expert Expert Answer
It was observed that if two glass rods rubbed with wool or silk cloth are brought close to each other,
they repel each other . The two strands of wool or two pieces of silk cloth, with which the rods were rubbed,
also repel each other. However, the glass rod and wool attracted each other.
 
Similarly, two plastic rods rubbed with cat’s fur repelled each other but attracted the fur. On the otherhand,
the plastic rod attracts the glass rod  and repel the silk or wool with which the glass rod is rubbed.
The glass rod repels the fur. If a plastic rod rubbed with fur is made to touch two small pith balls  suspended by
silk or nylon thread, then the balls repel each other  and are also repelledby the rod.
A similar effect is found if the pith balls are touched with a glass rod rubbed with silk .
 
A dramatic observation is that a pith ball touched with glass rod attracts another pith ball touched with plastic rod .
 
These seemingly simple facts were established from years of efforts and careful experiments and their analyses.
It was concluded, after many careful studies by different scientists, that there were only two kinds of an entity
which is called the electric charge. We say that the bodies like glass or plastic rods, silk, fur and pith balls are electrified.
They acquirean electric charge on rubbing.
 
By convention,when glass rod is rubbed with silk cloth the charge on glass rod is positive and the charge on silk cloth is negative.
 
Similarly, By convention,  when plastic rod is rubbed with cat’s fur, charge on plastic rod is negative and the charge on cat's fur  is  positive .
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